Throughout history, gemstones have captivated humanity with their beauty and perceived mystical properties. The practice of associating specific gems with particular months, commonly known as birthstones, is a tradition steeped in both ancient lore and modern convention. While the concept of birthstones is widely recognized, the specific stones assigned to each month have evolved over time, resulting in both “modern” and “ancient” lists, alongside alternative associations based on seasons, astrological signs, and even the hour of one’s birth. This article will explore the history of birthstones, the current commonly used lists, and the various ways individuals can choose a gem that resonates with them.
The modern understanding of birthstones largely stems from a standardization that occurred in the early 20th century. However, this list did not entirely replace the older, “ancient” or traditional associations. Instead, it became a supplementary option, allowing for greater personal choice. Today, individuals often select between these lists, or even consult alternative systems to find a stone that feels particularly meaningful. The origins of attributing special significance to gemstones are ancient, with poetic meanings assigned to different stones throughout history. The current practice of using birthstones is perhaps the best-known example of this tradition, with each month’s gem purportedly acting as a “good luck” charm for those born within that period.
History and Lore
The historical roots of birthstone associations are complex and varied, evolving across different cultures. While a definitive origin point is difficult to pinpoint, the practice can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The earliest connections between gemstones and specific months are believed to have originated in Poland, with the “Breastplate of Aaron” described in the Book of Exodus serving as a foundational influence. This breastplate, adorned with twelve gemstones, was said to represent the twelve tribes of Israel and, by extension, the twelve months of the year.
However, the specific gemstones associated with each month have shifted over time. The lists used today are a result of centuries of cultural exchange and evolving beliefs. The modern list, formalized in the early 20th century, represents a relatively recent consolidation of these traditions. It’s important to note that birthstone traditions vary across cultures, and the lists presented here primarily reflect those commonly used in English-speaking countries.
Modern and Ancient Lists
The most commonly referenced birthstone lists are categorized as “modern” and “ancient.” The “modern” list, established in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers (though the sources do not explicitly state this), aimed to standardize the birthstone assignments. This list often features more readily available and commercially popular gemstones. The “ancient” list, representing older traditions, sometimes includes less common or more historically significant stones.
Here’s a comparison of the two lists, as presented in the provided sources:
MONTH | MODERN | ANCIENT | January | Garnet | Garnet | February | Amethyst | Amethyst | March | Aquamarine | Bloodstone | April | Diamond | Diamond | May | Emerald | Emerald | June | Alexandrite | Pearl | July | Ruby | Ruby | August | Peridot | Sardonyx | September | Sapphire | Sapphire | October | Tourmaline | Opal | November | Golden Topaz or Citrine | Topaz | December | Blue Zircon or Tanzanite | Turquoise or Lapis |
As the table illustrates, some stones remain consistent across both lists (Garnet, Amethyst, Diamond, Emerald, Ruby, Sapphire). However, others differ, offering individuals a choice based on personal preference or historical inclination. For example, June is associated with Alexandrite in the modern list, while Pearl is the traditional stone. Similarly, October offers a choice between Tourmaline and Opal.
Alternative Birthstone Associations
Beyond the modern and ancient lists, several alternative systems for determining birthstones exist. These include associations based on astrological signs, birth hour, and seasons. The seasonal list, for instance, assigns specific “Big Four” gemstones to each season: Emerald for Spring, Ruby for Summer, Sapphire for Autumn, and Diamond for Winter.
Another alternative system links gemstones to specific days of the week. Turquoise and Diamond are associated with Saturday, while Labradorite is linked to this day as well. Furthermore, the concept of “cat’s eye” gemstones offers another layer of personalization. While chrysoberyls displaying this effect are formally recognized as “cat’s eye,” other gems like tourmalines, diopsides, and beryls can also exhibit the phenomenon, allowing individuals to choose a stone based on aesthetic preference.
The Gemological Perspective
The provided sources do not delve into the gemological properties of specific birthstones. However, they do highlight the importance of understanding the physical and optical properties of gemstones. Donald Clark, founder of the International Gem Society, emphasizes the value of appreciating gemstones for their scientific characteristics, rather than solely relying on superstitious beliefs. This perspective encourages a more informed and nuanced approach to gemstone selection, focusing on qualities like mineral composition, cutting styles, and overall beauty.
Choosing a Birthstone
The abundance of options – modern, ancient, seasonal, astrological – can be overwhelming. The sources suggest that the most important factor in choosing a birthstone is personal connection. Whether driven by mystical beliefs or simply aesthetic preference, individuals should select a stone that resonates with them. The sources also acknowledge that the historical emphasis on superstitious attachments to gems has gradually given way to a more scientific and appreciative approach. Ultimately, the “right” birthstone is the one that holds personal significance for the wearer.
Conclusion
The tradition of birthstones is a fascinating blend of history, lore, and personal preference. From ancient origins to modern standardization, the practice of associating gemstones with specific months has evolved over time. While the modern and ancient lists provide a framework for selection, alternative systems offer even greater flexibility. Ultimately, the choice of a birthstone is a personal one, guided by individual beliefs, aesthetic preferences, and a growing appreciation for the scientific beauty of these remarkable natural creations.