Tanzanite is the recognized birthstone for those born on December 8th, a relatively recent addition to the December birthstone family, officially acknowledged by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) in 2002. Unlike many birthstones steeped in millennia of history, tanzanite’s discovery is modern, yet its captivating beauty and unique origin have quickly established it as a highly prized gemstone. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and significance of this remarkable gem.
History and Lore of Tanzanite
Tanzanite’s story is remarkably concise compared to that of many other birthstones. Its history begins in the late 1960s in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. While local Maasai tribes had likely encountered the gem previously, its potential was not recognized until Manuel d’Souza, a tailor and part-time gold prospector, stumbled upon the strikingly colored stones. Initially mistaken for sapphires, the gem’s unique pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – soon revealed its distinct identity.
Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing tanzanite, recognizing its potential and giving it a captivating name inspired by its country of origin. The gem quickly gained recognition for its vibrant hues and rarity, becoming a sought-after gemstone within a relatively short period. December already had established birthstones, including turquoise, zircon, and blue topaz, but tanzanite offered a unique and modern alternative. The gem is now considered one of December’s birthstones, offering a choice for those born within the month.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s formation is intrinsically linked to the geological activity of the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania. The gem is found within a relatively small area – approximately seven square kilometers – making it exceptionally rare. It forms within metamorphic rocks, specifically within a zone of intense heat and pressure associated with the East African Rift System. This geological setting is crucial to its formation, and it is believed that the specific combination of minerals and conditions required for tanzanite’s creation exists nowhere else on Earth.
The gem is a calcium aluminum silicate, and its color is attributed to the presence of vanadium. The intensity of the blue and violet hues depends on the amount of vanadium present and the gem’s heat treatment. Most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its color, transforming brownish or reddish stones into the vibrant blue-violet shades for which it is known. The Merelani Hills remain the sole commercially viable source of tanzanite, contributing to its exclusivity and value.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a unique combination of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 6.71 - 6.81 |
| Refractive Index | 1.482 - 1.488 |
| Pleochroism | Trichroic |
| Crystal System | Triclinic |
The gem exhibits strong pleochroism, displaying blue, violet, and burgundy hues depending on the viewing angle. This characteristic is a key identifier of tanzanite and contributes to its captivating appearance. Its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. The specific gravity falls between 6.71 and 6.81, and its refractive index ranges from 1.482 to 1.488. Tanzanite typically occurs in elongated crystals, and its clarity can range from transparent to translucent.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While tanzanite’s history is relatively short, it has quickly accumulated symbolic meaning. It is often associated with transformation, spiritual awakening, and intuition. Some believe that tanzanite can facilitate communication with the spiritual realm and enhance psychic abilities. The gem’s connection to the color blue is also significant, as blue is often associated with tranquility, peace, and wisdom.
The gem is also linked to the throat chakra, believed to promote clear communication and self-expression. Its violet hues are associated with the crown chakra, fostering spiritual connection and enlightenment. While these metaphysical beliefs are not scientifically proven, they contribute to the gem’s appeal for those seeking a deeper connection to its energy and symbolism.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and can be cleaved with a sharp blow. Avoid exposing tanzanite to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gem.
The recommended cleaning method involves using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gem to remove dirt and grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth. It is also advisable to remove tanzanite jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to harsh chemicals. Regular cleaning will help maintain the gem’s brilliance and beauty over time.
December Birthstones: A Broader Perspective
December is unique in having multiple recognized birthstones. Alongside tanzanite, blue zircon, blue topaz, turquoise, and lapis lazuli are all associated with the month. Blue zircon, discovered in 1952, offers incredible sparkle, often mistaken for diamond. Blue topaz symbolizes calmness, love, and clarity. Turquoise, one of the oldest known birthstones, has been prized for its protective qualities for millennia. Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue color, has been associated with royalty and wisdom since ancient times.
The variety of December birthstones allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. Each stone offers a unique aesthetic and symbolic meaning, making December a particularly versatile and meaningful month for gemstone enthusiasts.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the birthstone for December 8th, is a captivating gem with a relatively recent but compelling history. Its unique geological origin, stunning pleochroism, and association with transformation and spirituality have quickly established it as a highly sought-after gemstone. While its history is shorter than that of many other birthstones, tanzanite’s rarity and beauty ensure its continued appeal for generations to come. Its vibrant hues and unique properties make it a truly special gem, representing a connection to the natural world and the power of personal transformation.