December is unique among the months, offering not one, but four recognized birthstones: turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz. Each of these gems presents a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries a rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, the more recently discovered tanzanite, alongside zircon and blue topaz, provides a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. The choice ultimately rests with the individual, based on personal preference, connection, or the gem’s perceived resonance with their personality.
A History of December Birthstones
The concept of associating gemstones with specific months has evolved over time, with roots in biblical traditions and astrological beliefs. Many birthstone lists are based on the gemstones featured on Aaron’s breastplate or those found in the foundation of the New Jerusalem as described in the Bible. These were later arranged as birthstones by month. Beyond these traditional associations, December boasts a variety of birthstones linked to guardian angels, zodiac signs, and even special apostles.
Turquoise, with its ancient origins, has been prized for millennia. Found in Persia and along the Sinai Peninsula, it reached Europe through the gem markets of Constantinople. From the earliest times, turquoise was favored for amulets, easily carved into shapes and inscribed with protective symbols. It was believed to ward off danger and bring good fortune, safeguarding relationships and warning wearers of impending illness or harm. Tibetan culture revered turquoise as a symbol of fortune, health, and success, even utilizing it as a form of currency. Ancient Incas and Mayas offered turquoise as gifts to their gods, while Native Americans of the Southwest associated it with youth and strength, believing a combination of turquoise and gold symbolized vitality and longevity.
Zircon also boasts a long and storied past. The name itself originates from the Arabic word for “jewel,” and in Sanskrit, it’s known as ‘rahuratna,’ linked to the Nodes of the Moon. Throughout history, zircon was considered a protective stone, capable of counteracting evil spirits and even warding off the Black Death plague in Europe. In India, its potency was believed to be enhanced when set in gold.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent discovery hasn’t diminished its appeal, as evidenced by its popularity among celebrities like Anne Hathaway, Cate Blanchett, and Sarah Jessica Parker. Jay Z famously gifted his wife, Beyonce, a tanzanite ring to celebrate the birth of their daughter, Blue Ivy.
Beryl, sapphire, emerald, and chalcedony also have connections to December, linked to astrological signs and ancient beliefs. Beryl, for example, was part of Scottish national regalia and used as a talisman by druids, even referred to as “stones of power” by Scottish Highlanders in the 19th century. Sapphire was regarded as a gemstone of divine and beautiful thoughts, offering protection from evil forces, and was believed to have been set in King Solomon’s ring.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is found in Australia and South Africa, accounting for approximately 70% of the world’s production. It is also sourced from Sri Lanka and India. The sources of turquoise are historically linked to Persia and the Sinai Peninsula, though it is found in various locations globally. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found only in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. Blue topaz is not specifically sourced in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources do not offer detailed gemological properties for each stone. However, some characteristics are noted. Zircon, particularly the colorless variety known as jargoon, closely resembles diamond in radiance, though it is softer. Colorless zircons from Sri Lanka are sometimes called ‘Maturan Diamond’. Zircon comes in a variety of colors, including orange-red (jacinth or hyacinth). Turquoise was favored for its ease of carving and inscription. Tanzanite is noted for its violet-blue shimmer, often compared to sapphire. Blue topaz is described as having an icy blue clarity.
A comparative table of hardness (Mohs scale) based on general gemological knowledge (not provided in the sources, but included for context) would be:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been imbued with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise was considered a gemstone of protection, safeguarding relationships, warning of danger, and promoting good fortune. It was believed to preserve friendship when gifted. Tibetans associated it with fortune, health, and success, while Native Americans linked it to youth and strength.
Zircon was believed to counteract evil spirits and protect against illness. Physicians in the Middle Ages wore it on their left fingers, believing it aided in accurate diagnosis. In India, zircon was thought to be more potent when set in gold.
Sapphire, also associated with December, was regarded as a gemstone of wisdom and divine thoughts, offering protection from evil. It was believed to be the stone of Joseph the Wise and possibly set in King Solomon’s ring.
Emerald, linked to those born between December 1 and 21, was associated with love, safe childbirth, and family happiness. Beryl was considered a stone of power, and a frog engraved on beryl was thought to reconcile enemies and foster friendships.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, based on their relative hardness (as indicated in the table above), general guidelines can be inferred. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Zircon and Tanzanite, with moderate hardness, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Blue Topaz, being harder, is more durable but should still be handled with care to avoid scratches or damage.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise and zircon to the modern allure of tanzanite and the calming energy of blue topaz, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection for those born in the final month of the year. The choice of which stone to embrace is a personal one, reflecting individual preferences and a connection to the gem’s unique qualities. The diversity of December’s birthstones truly makes it a special month for gemstone enthusiasts.