Peridot is the primary gemstone associated with the month of August, and holds particular significance for those born on August 20th. This vibrant green gem, often referred to as the “gem of the sun,” boasts a history stretching back millennia, interwoven with ancient beliefs and modern appreciation. Peridot’s unique formation, ranging from volcanic origins to extraterrestrial arrival in meteorites, contributes to its mystique. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating birthstone.
History and Lore
Peridot’s story begins in ancient Egypt, around 1500 BC, where it was mined on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea. Egyptians called it the “gem of the sun,” believing it possessed the power of the sun god, Ra, and offered protection from night terrors and evil spirits. The gem was highly prized and used extensively in jewelry and religious artifacts.
Throughout history, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, notably emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios, now known to be a source of peridot, was mistakenly believed to yield topaz, leading to the misnomer. This confusion persisted for centuries, with some historians suggesting that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot.
In the Middle Ages, peridot was thought to protect against evil spirits and bring success, peace, and good luck to its wearer. The gem also found its way into the treasures of European churches; the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral is adorned with approximately 200 carats of peridot, previously believed to be emeralds.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed under extreme conditions, originating deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, specifically within hardened lava flows. Uniquely, peridot has also been discovered in pallasite meteorites – stony-iron meteorites that formed during the early stages of the solar system. While meteorite-sourced peridot is often too small for jewelry, it adds to the gem’s cosmic allure.
The gem’s composition is primarily magnesium and iron, with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. The amount of iron present dictates the intensity of the green hue. Peridot is a member of the olivine mineral family and, unlike many gemstones, its color is intrinsic to its composition rather than resulting from impurities.
While historically sourced from Zabargad Island, peridot is now found in various locations around the world, including volcanic lava in Hawaii, Myanmar, Brazil, Pakistan, and Vietnam.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a semi-precious gemstone with a distinct set of gemological properties. Its color ranges from yellow-green to deep olive green, with the most desirable shades exhibiting a vibrant, clear green.
Here's a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Mineral Family | Olivine |
| Color | Yellow-green to Olive Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Refractive Index | High, giving it sparkle |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively soft compared to other gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. This means it is susceptible to scratches and requires careful handling. However, its high refractive index contributes to its bright, sparkling appearance, sometimes earning it the nickname “evening emerald” due to its ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. The ancient Egyptians associated it with the sun and believed it held protective powers. In modern times, peridot is often linked to abundance, protection, and emotional healing.
For those born on August 20th, peridot is believed to represent a connection to both the physical and spiritual worlds, encouraging grounding while pursuing goals and openness to positivity. It is considered a stone that promotes strength, wisdom, and courage. The gem’s vibrant green color is thought to radiate warmth and energy, enhancing lives with prosperity and protection.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively lower hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and should be stored separately from diamonds, sapphires, and rubies.
To clean peridot jewelry, use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. Rinse thoroughly with clean water and dry with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help maintain peridot’s brilliance and sparkle. It is also advisable to have peridot jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure its longevity.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins in Egypt, where it was revered as the “gem of the sun,” to its modern-day appreciation for its vibrant color and unique formation, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its association with abundance, protection, and emotional healing makes it a cherished gemstone for those born in August, and a beautiful addition to any jewelry collection. The gem’s journey from the Earth’s mantle and even outer space underscores its enduring allure and lasting significance.