August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot is the most commonly associated gem with this month, spinel has gained prominence as a modern addition, and sardonyx holds a significant place in the historical lineage of August birthstones. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of each of these fascinating gemstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview.
A Historical Perspective on August Birthstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to biblical times, with the High Priest’s breastplate adorned with twelve stones representing the tribes of Israel. Later, these stones were linked to the apostles, eventually evolving into the modern birthstone chart. Sources indicate that the concept of birthstones is rooted in the belief that the time of year one is born influences their personality and that gemstones possess inherent powers for healing, protection, and energy renewal.
Historically, sardonyx was the primary birthstone for August. Ancient Greeks and Romans highly valued this banded stone, utilizing it in seals, signet rings, and amulets. Warriors believed sardonyx imbued them with courage and strength, engraving depictions of heroes and gods onto the stone. While modern lists often prioritize peridot, the enduring legacy of sardonyx as a traditional August birthstone remains noteworthy. The inclusion of spinel as a modern alternative reflects the ongoing evolution of birthstone preferences and the discovery of new and appealing gemstones.
Peridot: The Olive-Green Gem
Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, is perhaps the most well-known August birthstone. Uniquely, peridot only occurs in green shades, typically an olive-green hue. It ranks 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, classifying it as a relatively durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry applications. Peridot is one of the four precious gemstones, alongside diamond, emerald, and sapphire, signifying its value and desirability.
Spinel: A Ruby Alternative
Spinel, a gemstone often mistaken for ruby, is a more recent addition to the modern birthstone chart for August. While it can occur in a variety of colors, red spinel is particularly prized as a more affordable alternative to ruby. Spinel’s hardness also measures 9 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable and suitable gemstone for everyday wear. It is part of the mineral family of corundum, the same family as ruby and sapphire. Pink spinel is another desirable color variation.
Sardonyx: Banded Beauty
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, composed of alternating layers of sard (a reddish-brown variety) and onyx (typically white). This unique banding pattern makes each sardonyx piece distinct and visually striking. It is a microcrystalline variety of quartz, possessing a waxy luster and a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these three August birthstones vary considerably. Sardonyx is found in India, Brazil, and Uruguay, with Indian sardonyx historically favored for intricate engravings. Within the United States, sardonyx and similar banded agates can be located in Oregon, Montana, and Michigan, making it a potential target for rockhounds.
Information regarding the specific geological formation and sources of peridot and spinel is limited within the provided sources.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the three August birthstones, based on the available information:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Composition | Luster |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green (Olive) | 7 | Not specified | Not specified |
| Spinel | Red, Pink, and other colors | 9 | Not specified | Not specified |
| Sardonyx | Banded Reddish-Brown & White | 6.5-7 | Microcrystalline Quartz (Chalcedony) | Waxy |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The provided sources highlight the symbolic significance attributed to birthstones across various cultures. Generally, birthstones are believed to influence the wearer’s personality and offer protection, healing, or energy renewal.
Sardonyx, historically, symbolized protection, courage, and stability, believed to bring good fortune and strengthen relationships. Peridot and spinel’s specific symbolic meanings are not detailed in the provided sources, though the general association of gemstones with positive attributes applies. The sources mention that garnets symbolize friendship and trust, diamonds are associated with love, and sapphires represent trust and loyalty, suggesting a broader cultural belief in the power of gemstones.
Rockhounding and Collecting
Sardonyx is identified as a good target for rockhounds, being relatively easy to find compared to spinel and not requiring specialized tools. It can be found in stream beds, rocky outcrops, and desert areas where chalcedony is common. The sources do not provide information on rockhounding for peridot or spinel.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, based on their hardness, some general recommendations can be inferred. Peridot and spinel, with their higher hardness ratings, are more durable and can withstand regular wear. Sardonyx, being slightly softer, may require more careful handling to avoid scratches. All three gemstones can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. While peridot and spinel enjoy contemporary popularity, sardonyx retains its historical significance as a traditional August birthstone. Each gemstone offers unique aesthetic qualities and a connection to ancient beliefs and traditions. The ongoing evolution of the birthstone chart, with the addition of gems like spinel, demonstrates the enduring appeal of these beautiful and meaningful stones.