November is unique among the birthstone months, boasting not one, but two recognized gemstones: Citrine and Topaz. Both stones carry significant historical and symbolic weight, representing luck, prosperity, friendship, and positive energy. This article will delve into the geological origins, gemological properties, historical lore, and modern significance of these November birthstones, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Before the 20th century, yellow-colored gems were often generally referred to as Topaz. However, as gemological understanding advanced, these stones were classified into distinct varieties, including the now-recognized Citrine. Both stones have a long history of being valued for their beauty and perceived powers. Citrine, often called the “merchant’s stone” or “money stone,” has long been associated with prosperity and abundance. Believers attribute to it the ability to attract wealth and manifest positive outcomes. This association likely stems from its golden hue, reminiscent of sunlight and financial gain.
Topaz, on the other hand, is traditionally a symbol of friendship. Gifting Topaz is considered a gesture of strong and enduring bonds between individuals. Its historical significance extends beyond personal relationships; it has been valued across cultures for centuries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Citrine’s formation is often a natural process involving the heating of amethyst. However, much of the citrine available commercially is heat-treated amethyst, a practice that enhances its color. Gemologists have identified Citrine sources in the United States, South Africa, Russia, Peru, Namibia, Myanmar, and Mexico. The color variance within Citrine ranges from orangey-brown and deep orange to yellowish and red-orange.
Topaz forms in igneous rocks and is found in alluvial deposits. While it appears in a wide range of colors – blue, brown, green, pink, orange, grey, yellow, yellowish-brown, and reddish-pink – the sources are not specifically detailed beyond a general mention of its global availability.
Gemological Properties
Citrine and Topaz possess distinct gemological properties that contribute to their appeal and durability. Citrine registers a 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating good resistance to scratching, making it suitable for everyday wear.
Topaz is slightly harder, achieving a level 8 on the Mohs scale. This greater hardness contributes to its durability and suitability for jewelry. The chemical composition of each stone differs significantly, contributing to their unique optical properties. While specific chemical formulas are not provided in the available sources, the differing hardness values are a key distinguishing factor.
Here's a table summarizing the key properties:
| Property | Citrine | Topaz |
|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 7 | 8 |
| Color | Orangey-brown, deep orange, yellowish to red-orange | Blue, brown, green, pink, orange, grey, yellow, yellowish-brown, reddish-pink |
| Symbolism | Prosperity, manifestation | Friendship |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Citrine is considered a birthstone of manifestation, thoughts, and prosperity. It is believed to carry the power of the sun, offering a heartfelt, comforting, and revitalizing energy. This energy is thought to prevent the accumulation of negative energy and transform negative thoughts into positive ones.
Topaz, as a symbol of friendship, represents strong and lasting bonds. Beyond this, the sources do not elaborate on specific metaphysical beliefs associated with Topaz.
Astrological Associations
According to Indian astrology, gemstones are linked to ruling planets and zodiac signs. Citrine is associated with Jupiter, with Yellow Sapphire being the primary Grah Ratna (planet stone) and Golden Citrine serving as an Upratna (secondary planet stone). Topaz, specifically White Topaz, is also linked to Jupiter as an Upratna, and is also associated with Venus as a Grah Ratna alongside Diamond.
For those born under the Aries sign (Mesh Rashi), Red Coral is the primary stone, with H.Garnet and Red Onyx as Upratna. Taurus (Vrisha Rashi) is associated with Venus and therefore Diamond and White Topaz. These associations are based on the principles of Rashi Ratna and Upratna within the Vedic astrological system.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, Citrine is relatively durable but can still be scratched by harder materials. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Topaz, with its higher hardness of 8, is more resistant to scratching. However, it is still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Like Citrine, gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Avoiding prolonged exposure to sunlight is also advised for Citrine, as it may fade its color over time.
Wearing Gemstones: Rituals and Considerations
The sources highlight the importance of proper preparation and consideration before wearing gemstones, particularly within an astrological context. Purification rituals, such as dipping the gemstone in raw milk, honey, and Gangajal (holy water) for 20 minutes, are recommended. Wearing the gemstone during the appropriate planetary hour, after chanting a mantra 108 times, is also suggested. The choice of metal (gold, silver, platinum) is believed to enhance the gem’s effect. Authenticity is paramount, with a preference for natural, untreated gemstones. Crucially, consulting an astrologer before wearing any gemstone is strongly advised.
Birthstones and Their Significance
Birthstones have evolved over time, with modern additions like Tanzanite being added to the December list. The practice of wearing birthstones in jewelry is common, as they are considered precious and are believed to bring good luck and health to the wearer. The true meanings behind birthstones, however, are often overlooked. Each stone carries a unique history and symbolism, adding depth and significance to its aesthetic appeal.
Garnet: A January Birthstone Example
As an example of the lore surrounding birthstones, the January birthstone, Garnet, is often seen in shades of red, though it can also appear in purple, pink, green, yellow, orange, black, or even clear. Garnet is associated with traits such as love, loyalty, purity, balance, strength, and strong feelings. The name "Garnet" itself is derived from the Latin word for pomegranate, reflecting its characteristic red color.
Conclusion
November’s birthstones, Citrine and Topaz, offer a compelling combination of beauty, symbolism, and historical significance. Citrine, the stone of prosperity, and Topaz, the emblem of friendship, represent positive energies and enduring bonds. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, astrological associations, or perceived metaphysical properties, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire. Their enduring popularity reflects a timeless appreciation for the beauty and power of the natural world.