Aquamarine, a gemstone evoking the serene hues of the ocean, holds a prominent position as one of the birthstones for March. Alongside bloodstone, it offers those born in this month a choice of gems steeped in history, symbolism, and captivating beauty. This article delves into the multifaceted world of aquamarine, exploring its historical significance, geological origins, gemological properties, and the enduring beliefs associated with this cherished gemstone.
History and Lore
The name “aquamarine” itself is derived from the Latin words “aqua” and “marina,” meaning “seawater,” a testament to its striking resemblance to the ocean’s depths. Ancient mariners held this gem in high regard, believing it possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage across the seas. This belief stemmed from the gem’s color, mirroring the protective and expansive nature of the ocean itself. Beyond seafaring protection, aquamarine was thought to bring happiness in marriage and offer protection against foes in battle and legal disputes.
Historical accounts, including writings by the Roman philosopher and navy commander Pliny the Elder, further solidify the gem’s ancient reverence. Pliny noted the gem’s name originated from its “green of the sea” coloration, acknowledging the range of hues from cool sea green to deeper emerald shades. In ancient times, aquamarine was often considered as valuable as emeralds, frequently chosen for engagement rings as a symbol of purity and enduring love. It was also a popular gift to mark anniversaries, representing constancy and happiness within a marriage.
The gem’s association with positive emotions and mental clarity extended beyond romantic relationships. Aquamarine was believed to defeat fears, gain control over emotions, and stimulate intellect, intuition, and imagination, making it a favored stone for students and those engaged in intellectually demanding professions. Romans dedicated the gem to Neptune, the god of freshwater and the sea, and those traveling or exploring would wear aquamarine, often engraved with Neptune’s trident, for protection against the perils of nature.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine belongs to the beryl family, a group of minerals that also includes emerald and morganite. Its chemical composition is beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate (Be3Al2Si6O18). The presence of trace amounts of iron within the beryl crystal structure is responsible for aquamarine’s characteristic blue and blue-green hues.
The most significant source of aquamarine for the past two centuries has been the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. This region boasts a diverse landscape of rocky hills, rivers, and forests, where aquamarine is found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) pegmatite deposits, particularly near the gem center of Teófilo Otoni. The state’s geological formations provide ideal conditions for the formation of these beautiful crystals.
Notable examples of exceptional aquamarine specimens include the 1,298-carat dark blue rectangular step-cut aquamarine presented to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt by the Brazilian government in 1936. This gem, now housed at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, exemplifies the grandeur and beauty of Brazilian aquamarine. Another celebrated specimen is the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, believed to be the largest faceted aquamarine in the world, weighing approximately 10,363 carats (4.6 pounds). Fashioned into a 14-inch obelisk by German lapidary Berndt Munsteiner using the fantasy cut technique, it is a prominent attraction at the Smithsonian Institution.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine exhibits several key gemological properties that contribute to its desirability and value. It typically displays a light color saturation and tone, ranging from pale to vivid blue or blue-green hues. Darker shades of blue or green are less common. The gem’s clarity is often remarkable, frequently appearing free from inclusions, resembling clear water.
While a detailed hardness value isn’t provided in the sources, aquamarine’s suitability for all types of jewelry is implied, indicating a reasonable level of durability. The sources do not provide information on refractive index, specific gravity, or other detailed gemological data.
Aquamarine is commonly faceted to enhance its brilliance and display its color effectively. Cabochon cuts are also used, particularly for stones with inclusions. The gem is readily available and moderately priced, making it an accessible choice for a wide range of jewelry designs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, aquamarine has been imbued with symbolic meaning. As its name suggests, the gem is strongly associated with the sea, representing tranquility, clarity, and emotional balance. The belief that it protects seafarers reflects its connection to courage, resilience, and safe journeys.
Beyond its maritime associations, aquamarine is often linked to marital happiness, fidelity, and intellectual pursuits. It was considered a stone that could promote harmony in relationships and enhance mental clarity, making it a favored gem for those seeking wisdom and understanding. The gem was also believed to help overcome fears and gain control over emotions, fostering a sense of inner peace and stability.
Aquamarine is also recognized as the birthstone for March and is traditionally given as a gift on the 19th wedding anniversary, further solidifying its association with enduring love and commitment.
Care and Cleaning
While the sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions, aquamarine’s durability suggests it can be maintained with standard gemstone care practices. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is generally recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these may damage the gem or its setting. Regular cleaning will help preserve aquamarine’s brilliance and beauty for generations to come.
Conclusion
Aquamarine stands as a captivating March birthstone, rich in history, symbolism, and geological intrigue. From its ancient origins as a protector of seafarers to its modern-day association with clarity, tranquility, and enduring love, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its serene hues, coupled with its enduring beauty, make it a cherished gemstone for jewelry enthusiasts, collectors, and those seeking a connection to the calming power of the sea. The gem’s accessibility and moderate price point further contribute to its widespread appeal, ensuring its continued prominence in the world of gemstones.