December-born Capricorns are uniquely blessed with a choice of birthstones, reflecting the transition from the close of one year to the dawn of another. Traditionally, and continuing into modern times, both Garnet and Blue Topaz represent this zodiac sign, with Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon also holding significance as December birthstones. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of these captivating gemstones, offering a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the rich heritage associated with December’s birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months, and subsequently zodiac signs, has ancient roots. While early connections can be traced to Biblical texts, the formalized system of twelve birthstones emerged around the 1500s. The modern standardization occurred in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers, with further modifications in 1952 and 2002, and most recently in 2016. This history explains some of the variations in assigned birthstones over time, particularly for December, which has seen several gemstones linked to the month.
Turquoise held a prominent position as a December birthstone for a considerable period, but was replaced by Blue Zircon in 1952. However, it remains a recognized stone for the month. Lapis Lazuli was also considered a December birthstone until the mid-20th century, and continues to be considered lucky for those born under Capricorn. Garnet, however, has maintained a consistent association with January and, by extension, Capricorns born in the early part of the sign’s cycle.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these birthstones are as diverse as their appearances. Blue Topaz is found in Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Garnet, a complex group of silicate minerals, is found in various locations globally, exhibiting a range of colors beyond the commonly known red. Turquoise, an opaque, blue-green mineral, is often found with black inclusions and is sourced from various locations, though specific sources are not detailed in the provided materials. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is exclusively sourced from Tanzania, hence its name. Blue Zircon is found in various locations, with Australian zircon being particularly notable, with some specimens dated at 4.4 billion years old.
Gemological Properties
Each of these gemstones possesses unique gemological characteristics. Garnet, while often recognized for its red hue, actually encompasses a family of gemstones appearing in nearly every color. Its name derives from the Latin word “granatus,” meaning pomegranate, likely referencing the seed-like appearance of some garnet varieties. Blue Topaz, despite its name referencing “fire” in Sanskrit (“tapas”), is known for its cooling qualities and serene blue color.
Blue Zircon boasts exceptional sparkle and luster, and is notable for being one of the oldest known gemstones. Tanzanite is famed for its pleochroism, displaying different colors when viewed from various angles – shades of blue, violet, and red. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-green stone, often marked with black inclusions.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is not provided in the sources. However, understanding hardness is crucial for gemstone care.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Garnet | Red, Brown, Black, Orange | Complex silicate mineral family |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Serene color, found in multiple countries |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Exceptional sparkle, one of the oldest gemstones |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | Pleochroism (displays multiple colors) |
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | Opaque, often with black inclusions |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Garnet symbolizes passion, strength, and resilience, inspiring confidence and promoting success. Blue Topaz represents hope, happiness, and loyalty in some cultures, while others associate it with joy and prosperity. Turquoise is linked to wisdom, peace, and inner strength. Tanzanite, with its shifting colors, complements a vibrant and ambitious nature.
Beyond cultural symbolism, metaphysical beliefs attribute various powers to these stones. Blue Zircon is tied to Capricorn’s ruling planet, Saturn, in Vedic astrology, and is also associated with Venus, bringing romance. Lapis Lazuli, though no longer a primary December birthstone, is considered the “Stone of Heaven,” containing the wisdom of the universe. Black Tourmaline, a Capricorn power color, offers grounding, protection, and strength. Bloodstone, associated with Mars, brings endurance and stress relief. Ruby, while now a July birthstone, is believed to provide greater concentration, compassion, and creativity, and to protect what Capricorns value most.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, general guidelines based on their properties can be inferred. Garnet, with its relatively good hardness, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Topaz, Zircon, and Tanzanite require gentle cleaning with mild soap and water, avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Turquoise, being a softer stone, is particularly susceptible to damage and should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild water only.
Conclusion
The birthstones associated with December and the sign of Capricorn – Garnet, Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gemstones. Each stone carries a unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning, reflecting the multifaceted nature of those born under this sign. From the fiery passion of Garnet to the serene blue of Topaz and Zircon, and the mystical allure of Tanzanite and Turquoise, these gemstones offer a beautiful and meaningful connection to the natural world and the ancient traditions of astrology and gemology.