For those born on August 28th, or indeed throughout the month of August, a captivating green gemstone holds the title of birthstone: peridot. This vibrant gem, a variety of the mineral olivine, has been treasured for millennia, not only for its unique color but also for its rich history and symbolic associations. While August boasts additional birthstones – spinel and sardonyx – peridot remains the most commonly recognized and historically significant. This article will delve into the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gem.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back thousands of years. Its name is believed to derive from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem,” reflecting its long-held value. Ancient civilizations revered peridot, attributing to it protective and healing properties. Sources indicate it was believed to ward off nightmares and bring peace and calm to the wearer. Its association with the Sun is also prominent in ancient lore, symbolizing energy and the ability to dispel darkness.
Historically, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, such as emeralds. In fact, some historical accounts of emeralds, particularly those found on the Red Sea island of Topazos (now St. John’s Island), were likely referencing peridot. This island was a significant source of peridot for centuries, and the gem was highly prized by Egyptian pharaohs. It was a favorite of Cleopatra, who adorned herself with peridot jewelry.
The gem’s significance continued through the ages, becoming a popular choice in medieval jewelry and ecclesiastical settings. It was often used in religious artifacts, symbolizing faith and renewal. In more recent times, peridot gained prominence as a symbol of prosperity and personal growth, solidifying its place as a cherished gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It crystallizes in the olivine mineral group, and its green color is a result of the presence of iron. Unlike many gemstones that occur in a variety of colors, peridot is consistently green, ranging from a light olive hue to a deeper, more intense shade. The intensity of the color depends on the amount of iron present in the crystal structure.
While historically sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazos, modern peridot is primarily found in several key locations. Significant deposits exist in the United States, particularly in Arizona, where it is often found in volcanic basalt rocks. Other notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Brazil, and Vietnam. The quality and color of peridot can vary depending on its origin, with some locations producing stones of exceptional brilliance and clarity.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal. It consistently exhibits a green color, a defining characteristic of the gem.
Here's a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Refractive Index | 1.653 - 1.683 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, though it is still susceptible to scratches and damage from impacts. Its refractive index contributes to its brilliance and sparkle. The gem typically exhibits good clarity, though inclusions may be present. These inclusions are often small, dark spots or crystals, and do not significantly detract from the gem’s beauty.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings. As previously mentioned, it has long been associated with renewal, growth, and prosperity. Its vibrant green color is often linked to nature, vitality, and abundance.
Ancient beliefs attributed protective qualities to peridot, shielding the wearer from nightmares and negative energies. It was also believed to promote peace, calm, and emotional balance. In some cultures, peridot was considered a stone of good fortune, attracting wealth and success.
Modern metaphysical beliefs continue to embrace these traditional associations. Peridot is often used in crystal healing practices to promote emotional healing, release negativity, and enhance self-confidence. It is also believed to stimulate the heart chakra, fostering love, compassion, and forgiveness. Some sources suggest connections to the zodiac signs Virgo and Leo, further enhancing its symbolic resonance for individuals born under these signs.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning to maintain its brilliance. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials, so it should be stored separately from diamonds, sapphires, and rubies. Avoid exposing peridot to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gem.
Cleaning peridot is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gem to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help preserve peridot’s vibrant color and sparkle. It is also advisable to have peridot jewelry professionally inspected and cleaned periodically to ensure its longevity.
August’s Other Birthstones
While peridot is the most widely recognized August birthstone, it is important to acknowledge the other gems associated with this month. Sardonyx, a banded form of chalcedony, was historically considered the primary August birthstone. Spinel, a relatively recent addition in 2016, offers a vibrant alternative with a range of colors, including red, pink, and blue. Other gems, such as alexandrite, ruby, sapphire, diamond, moonstone, and topaz, have also been linked to August in various traditions, though these are less commonly recognized as official birthstones.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green gem of August, embodies a rich history, symbolic meaning, and striking beauty. From its ancient associations with protection and renewal to its modern significance as a symbol of prosperity and personal growth, peridot offers a unique and meaningful choice for those born in August or celebrating a special occasion. Its vibrant color, relatively durable nature, and enduring appeal make it a cherished gemstone in the world of jewelry. By understanding the significance and care of this remarkable stone, one can appreciate its timeless allure and enjoy its benefits for years to come.