Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone, recognized as a modern birthstone for December alongside turquoise and zircon. Its striking blue-violet hues and relatively recent discovery have quickly established it as one of the world’s most popular and sought-after blue gemstones. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, providing a comprehensive overview of this remarkable gem.
History and Lore
While gemstones like turquoise boast millennia of historical use, tanzanite’s story is comparatively recent. The mineral zoisite, of which tanzanite is a variety, was identified in 1962, but it wasn’t until 1967 that prospectors located the primary source of this unique gem in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. The gemstone was subsequently named “tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin.
Initially, the potential of tanzanite was recognized by Tiffany & Co., who became its main distributor in 1968. A significant advertising campaign launched by Tiffany propelled tanzanite into the international spotlight, highlighting its vivid colors, clarity, and potential for large cut stones. This marketing effort quickly established tanzanite as a sensation within the gem world. By 2002, tanzanite achieved the distinction of being officially added to the birthstone list, becoming the first gemstone to receive this recognition since 1912. Today, it is also recognized as the gem for the 24th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological story is as unique as its color. It is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, a relatively small area near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gemstone is mined from depths exceeding 100 meters, utilizing both mechanized operations and the work of thousands of individuals. The landscape surrounding the mines is characterized by grass-covered hillsides, scrub brush, and rocky soil.
Tanzanite is a blue-violet variety of the mineral zoisite, and its color is attributed to the presence of vanadium, a transition metal. The intensity of the color is directly related to the amount of vanadium present, with richer colors being more highly valued. The gem often begins as brownish zoisite, requiring heat treatment to reveal the desirable blue to violet hues. This heat treatment is a permanent process, and does not introduce any additional durability concerns.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a range of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability. It registers between 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it relatively durable but susceptible to abrasion and scratching. While resistant to the effects of normal heat, light, and common chemicals, tanzanite can crack if exposed to very high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. It is also vulnerable to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
A notable characteristic of tanzanite is its trichroism – the ability to display different colors depending on the viewing angle. It can appear blue, purple, or burgundy, adding to its visual complexity. The most valuable tanzanite exhibits a pure, rich blue color.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite |
| Color | Blue-violet |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Origin | Tanzania |
| Treatment | Heat Treatment |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is associated with a variety of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. It is considered a stone of transformation and personal growth, encouraging individuals to embrace change and pursue their dreams. It is also believed to enhance spiritual awareness and deepen one's connection to the divine, making it a popular choice for meditation practices aimed at opening the third eye and stimulating intuition.
Furthermore, tanzanite is linked to emotional healing and balance, thought to alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting a sense of calmness and tranquility. For those born in December, tanzanite is said to represent spirituality and an ability to grow intellectually, fostering open-mindedness and a willingness to consider different perspectives.
Alongside tanzanite, December also boasts turquoise and zircon as birthstones. Turquoise is associated with good fortune, protection, communication, and self-expression. Blue zircon symbolizes prosperity, wisdom, and mental clarity. Blue topaz, another optional December birthstone, represents loyalty, love, and emotional balance.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, tanzanite requires careful handling and maintenance. It is best suited for settings in earrings or pendants, minimizing the risk of abrasion. While it can be worn in rings, a protective mounting is recommended, and daily wear should be avoided.
Cleaning tanzanite is best achieved with warm, soapy water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can potentially damage the gemstone. Gentle brushing with a soft brush can help remove dirt and grime, followed by rinsing with clean water and drying with a soft cloth. Avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures will help preserve the beauty and integrity of tanzanite for years to come.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, has quickly become a beloved birthstone for December. Its captivating blue-violet hues, unique geological origins, and symbolic associations with transformation and spiritual growth have cemented its place as a highly prized gem. Its rarity, stemming from its exclusive source in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, further enhances its desirability. With proper care and appreciation, tanzanite will continue to enchant and inspire for generations to come.