December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but a spectrum of birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise. These gemstones, each exhibiting varying shades of blue, reflect the cool, crisp tones of the winter season and offer a diverse range of choices for those born in December. From ancient traditions to modern discoveries, these stones carry rich histories, symbolic meanings, and distinct aesthetic qualities.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, evolving through medieval practices and culminating in the modern birthstone lists we recognize today. December’s birthstones represent a blend of long-held traditions and more recent additions. Turquoise and zircon have historically been considered the primary birthstones for December, their blue hues mirroring the winter chill. However, the list has expanded to include topaz and, more recently, tanzanite, providing a wider selection for personal preference and meaning. These colored gems have been worn for centuries, not merely as adornments, but as symbols imbued with power and significance, a practice rooted in medieval times and continuing to this day.
The Four Stones in Detail
Each of the December birthstones possesses unique characteristics that contribute to its appeal.
Blue Zircon
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and remarkable clarity, appearing in a rainbow of colors, though the blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant geological and historical value. The brilliance of zircon can sometimes be mistaken for diamond, making it a captivating and often overlooked gem.
Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is well-known for its calm, serene colors, offering an icy blue clarity and a calming energy. While topaz occurs in various colors, the blue shades are particularly popular in modern jewelry. It is a readily available and relatively affordable gemstone, making it a popular choice for everyday wear.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, and quickly gained prominence for its unique blue to violet color. Its rarity is a defining characteristic, as it is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This exclusivity contributes to its high value and desirability. Tanzanite’s color is often compared to sapphire, lending it an elegant and luxurious appeal.
Turquoise
Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hues, is considered the most traditional of December’s birthstones. Revered for centuries across various cultures, it is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Its vibrant color mirrors wintry landscapes, adding a touch of warmth and optimism. Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity.
Geological Origins and Sources
The formation and sourcing of these gemstones vary significantly. Zircon is found in a variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, making its origins widespread across the globe. Topaz is typically found in igneous rocks and is sourced from locations like Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia. Tanzanite’s unique geological context limits its source to the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. Turquoise, on the other hand, is formed through a chemical reaction between copper, aluminum, and other minerals in arid regions, with significant deposits found in Iran, the United States (particularly Arizona and Nevada), and China.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone exhibits distinct gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5 - 7.5 | Blue, colorless, red, golden |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | 8 | Blue, colorless, yellow, brown |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6.5 - 7 | Blue, violet |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5 - 6 | Blue-green |
These properties influence the gemstone’s durability, suitability for different jewelry settings, and care requirements. For example, zircon and topaz, with their higher hardness, are more resistant to scratching than turquoise, which requires more careful handling.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Lapis lazuli, historically linked to December, was associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, symbolizing good fortune and fostering inner calm. Zircon is believed to promote prosperity and wisdom, while topaz is associated with strength and intelligence. Tanzanite, as a more recent discovery, is often linked to transformation and spiritual growth. The metaphysical properties attributed to these stones are deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and continue to resonate with many today.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Blue topaz and zircon, being relatively hard, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, turquoise is more porous and delicate, requiring gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Tanzanite, while durable, can be susceptible to damage from heat and sudden temperature changes, so careful handling is advised. Regular cleaning and proper storage will help ensure these gemstones remain beautiful for years to come.
Choosing a December Birthstone
The expanded list of December birthstones offers a wealth of options, catering to different tastes, budgets, and personal meanings. Blue topaz provides an accessible and serene choice, while blue zircon offers a brilliant and historically significant alternative. Tanzanite appeals to those seeking a rare and luxurious gemstone, and turquoise resonates with those drawn to its earthy charm and protective qualities. Ultimately, the best December birthstone is the one that resonates most with the individual wearer.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.