August is unique among birth months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This selection offers a diverse range of colors and histories for those born in the eighth month of the year. While peridot has long held prominence as the primary August birthstone, spinel was officially added in 2016, joining the historically significant sardonyx as options for those seeking a gemstone connection to their birth month. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and symbolism of each of these fascinating stones.
A History of August Birthstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months has ancient roots, often linked to religious texts and astrological beliefs. Sardonyx holds the longest history as an August birthstone, appearing in the Bible as one of the stones on the Breastplate of Aaron and as a foundation stone of New Jerusalem. Its use dates back centuries, and it remains a recognized, though less commonly chosen, option today.
Peridot’s history is also extensive, though its origins are less definitively documented. The name “peridot” may derive from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem.” It has been mined and treasured for centuries, and is often associated with prosperity and good fortune.
Spinel is the newest addition to the August birthstone family, officially recognized by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America in 2016. While historically often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, spinel possesses its own distinct qualities and a rich history, particularly within royal collections.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones forms under distinct geological conditions and is sourced from various locations around the world.
Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. It is characterized by parallel bands of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black or white). These banded layers form through the accumulation of silica in volcanic or sedimentary environments. Sources for sardonyx include India, Brazil, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. The most notable differences between strata are found in India.
Peridot is formed in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It crystallizes in olivine, a magnesium-iron silicate mineral. Significant sources of peridot include Egypt, Myanmar, Brazil, and the United States (Arizona).
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. It often occurs alongside other gemstones like ruby and sapphire, leading to historical confusion. Spinel can be found in a variety of locations, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Tajikistan.
Gemological Properties
Each birthstone possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and value.
Peridot: Peridot is known for its distinctive olive-green color, though shades can range from yellowish-green to brownish-green. Its color is due to the presence of iron. Peridot typically exhibits good clarity and is often faceted to enhance its brilliance.
Spinel: Spinel occurs in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, purple, and black. Red spinel is particularly prized and can be mistaken for ruby. Spinel is a hard and durable gemstone, making it suitable for jewelry.
Sardonyx: Sardonyx is characterized by its banded appearance, with alternating layers of red-brown and white. It is relatively affordable and accessible, making it a popular choice for cameos and intaglios.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ | Olive Green | 6.5 - 7 |
| Spinel | MgAl₂O₄ | Various (Red, Pink, Blue, etc.) | 8 |
| Sardonyx | SiO₂ | Banded Red-Brown & White | 6.5 - 7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Peridot is associated with growth, prosperity, love, loyalty, and protection. It is believed to dispel negative emotions such as jealousy and insecurity.
Spinel is thought to revitalize the body and mind, offering protection against nightmares and promoting physical healing. Wearing all three stones together is believed to benefit from their combined energies.
Sardonyx is linked to courage, happiness, and protection. It was historically used to create cameos and carvings, often depicting scenes of strength and victory. It is considered a stone of grounding and stability.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and luster of these August birthstones.
Peridot, with a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively delicate and should be protected from scratches and harsh impacts. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners.
Spinel, with a hardness of 8, is more durable than peridot and can withstand more wear and tear. It can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Sardonyx, also with a hardness of 6.5-7, should be handled with care. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is recommended.
The Evolution of the Birthstone Chart
The standardization of birthstones is a relatively recent development. The National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) established the first official birthstone chart in the United States, creating a standardized list that remains widely used today. The chart has undergone revisions over time, with additions like alexandrite, citrine, pink tourmaline, and tanzanite reflecting evolving preferences and discoveries. The addition of spinel to the August birthstone list in 2016 demonstrates the ongoing evolution of these traditions. Different cultures also have their own unique birthstone charts, such as the traditional British chart and the Hindu Ayurvedic system, highlighting the diverse and fascinating history of gemstone associations.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offers a rich tapestry of history, geological diversity, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the recent recognition of spinel, each gemstone provides a unique connection to the month of August. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these birthstones continue to captivate and inspire. The variety available to those born in August ensures that there is a gemstone to suit every taste and preference, making it a truly special month for gemstone enthusiasts.