Peridot, with its distinctive yellow-green hue, holds a prominent place as the traditional birthstone for August. Revered for millennia, this gemstone boasts a rich history, fascinating geological origins, and a symbolism deeply rooted in prosperity and positive energy. While traditionally associated with August, recent additions to the list of birthstones include spinel, offering a wider range of options for those born in this summer month. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, drawing exclusively from available sources.
A History Steeped in Sunlight
The allure of peridot dates back to ancient times, with evidence of its use as early as 1500 BC in ancient Egypt. Known as the “gem of the sun,” it was believed to possess protective qualities, warding off nightmares and bestowing confidence, health, and positive energy upon its wearer. The ancient Egyptians primarily sourced their peridot from the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, a location that remained a significant source for centuries, until the early 20th century.
Throughout the Middle Ages, peridot continued to be highly valued, particularly by European royals and clergy. It frequently adorned church altars and clerical robes, signifying its importance within religious contexts. Its popularity persisted into the Victorian era, where it was commonly incorporated into intricate jewelry designs. Some historians even suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted of peridot, though this remains a debated point. The stone was also used as a talisman, believed to offer protection from spirits and bad dreams.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot’s formation is often linked to dramatic geological events. It originates from hardened lava deep beneath the Earth’s surface, and remarkably, can even be found within meteorites from outer space. This unique origin contributes to its captivating appeal.
Today, significant sources of peridot are found in several locations worldwide. The United States, particularly Arizona’s San Carlos Reservation and Peridot Mesa, is a prolific producer of gem-quality peridot. Pakistan’s mountainous Kashmir region is also renowned for yielding exceptional, large peridot crystals. Historically, Zabargad Island in the Red Sea was a primary source, but modern production has shifted to these other locations. China and Myanmar also contribute to the global peridot supply.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is unique among gemstones in that it typically occurs in only one color: green. However, the intensity and tint of this green can vary depending on the amount of iron present within the crystal structure.
Peridot possesses a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it softer than many other gemstones. This relative softness necessitates careful handling and storage to prevent scratching. The gemstone’s chemical composition is not explicitly detailed in the provided sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings. It is associated with prosperity, good fortune, purpose, and focus. Beyond material wealth, peridot is believed to promote abundance, happiness, and emotional healing. It is thought to alleviate negative emotions such as jealousy, resentment, and stress, replacing them with positivity and clarity.
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months and their purported therapeutic benefits dates back to the 5th century. While the scientific basis for these beliefs remains unproven, the practice continues to be popular, with birthstone jewelry often given as meaningful gifts.
Peridot in Jewelry and Modern Applications
Peridot is frequently used in a variety of jewelry pieces, including anklets, bracelets, and necklaces. It is often set in gold or silver, enhancing its vibrant green color. Contemporary jewelry designs often feature small, genuine Swarovski peridot crystals as a personalized touch. The provided sources highlight the use of peridot in delicate anklets crafted with bead stringing wire and lobster clasps, as well as in “forever jewelry” options like Mist Bracelets and Birthstone Necklaces.
Caring for Your Peridot
Due to its relatively softer nature, peridot requires careful handling and maintenance. It is recommended to clean peridot jewelry gently with mild soap and warm water. Harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided, as they can damage the stone. To prevent scratching, it is best to store peridot pieces separately from harder gemstones.
Spinel: A Modern Addition to August’s Birthstones
In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) expanded the list of August birthstones to include spinel. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, and many famous “rubies” in royal collections were later identified as spinels. Spinel is a durable gemstone that comes in a variety of colors, including red, pink, purple, and a rare vivid blue colored by cobalt. Its inclusion as a birthstone offers a wider range of options for those seeking a gemstone with a unique history and captivating beauty.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant green birthstone of August, continues to captivate with its rich history, fascinating geological origins, and enduring symbolism. From its ancient roots as the “gem of the sun” in Egypt to its modern-day use in exquisite jewelry, peridot remains a cherished gemstone. Its association with prosperity, positivity, and emotional healing adds to its appeal, making it a meaningful gift and a beautiful adornment. The addition of spinel as a modern August birthstone further enhances the options available to those seeking a gemstone that reflects their personality and style.