August is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This offers a diverse range of colors, histories, and symbolism for those born in August, linked to both the Leo and Virgo zodiac signs. The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient roots, originating with the twelve stones adorning the Breastplate of Aaron, representing the twelve tribes of Israel, and later connected to the zodiac and the calendar year. While the modern list of birthstones has evolved since 1912, with various organizations updating the roster, these three gems continue to hold significance for those born in August.
History and Lore
The concept of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with early associations found in religious texts and folklore. The twelve gemstones on the Breastplate of Aaron, as described in the Book of Exodus, are considered a foundational element in the development of birthstone traditions. These stones were believed to correspond to the twelve tribes of Israel and, subsequently, the twelve signs of the zodiac and months of the year.
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the oldest August birthstone on record, referenced in the Bible and found in ancient artifacts. It was one of the stones featured on the High Priest’s breastplate and used in foundational stones of Jerusalem. Peridot, however, has a history often intertwined with mistaken identity. Ancient sources frequently confused peridot with topaz and emerald, with the island of Topazios – believed to be the source of topaz – actually yielding peridot crystals. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, now identified as peridot.
Spinel is the newest addition to the August birthstones, gaining recognition more recently as consumers sought alternatives to ruby, a gem with which red spinel was often mistaken for centuries. While sardonyx and peridot have long histories steeped in symbolism, spinel’s appreciation has grown in modern times.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed under extreme conditions, often found in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites originating from outer space. Sardonyx, a variety of onyx, is sourced from India, but can also be found in Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany. Specific origins for spinel are not detailed in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
Peridot
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its color ranges from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, with the most desirable stones exhibiting a lime green or olive-green hue. Gemologically, peridot possesses a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.69, a birefringence of 0.035 to 0.038, and a specific gravity of 3.34. On the Mohs hardness scale, it registers between 6.5 and 7, making it a relatively durable choice for jewelry.
Spinel
The sources provide limited gemological data for spinel, only noting that it was historically mistaken for ruby. Further details regarding its refractive index, specific gravity, or hardness are not available.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of onyx characterized by reddish-brown coloration with white banding. It has a more stone-like appearance compared to the crystal-like appearance of peridot. Specific gemological properties beyond its composition and appearance are not detailed in the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the available gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Mineral | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Refractive Index | Specific Gravity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olivine | Yellowish-green to Green | 6.5 - 7 | 1.65 - 1.69 | 3.34 |
| Spinel | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) |
| Sardonyx | Onyx | Reddish-brown with White Banding | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) | (Not Specified) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is believed to embody attributes of growth, prosperity, good fortune, protection, loyalty, and love. Its name may originate from the Arabic word "faridat," meaning "gem." Sardonyx, with its long history, carries its own symbolic weight, though the sources do not detail specific beliefs associated with it. Spinel’s symbolism is not discussed in the provided materials.
The association of these stones with the Leo and Virgo zodiac signs further enhances their symbolic meaning. Peridot is often linked to Leo due to its vibrant energy, while spinel and sardonyx can be associated with Virgo’s grounded and balanced traits.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it durable enough for most jewelry applications. However, like all gemstones, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions for peridot, spinel, or sardonyx, but general gemstone care guidelines – such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners – would be advisable.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a rich tapestry of history, lore, and gemological interest. From the ancient origins of sardonyx and the often-misidentified peridot to the more recently appreciated spinel, these gems provide a diverse range of options for those born in August. Their association with both Leo and Virgo adds another layer of meaning, making them not only beautiful adornments but also symbols of personal connection and significance.