Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds the distinction of being a primary birthstone for August, alongside spinel. Revered for centuries and even found within meteorites, this gem is associated with renewal, protection, and the energy of the sun. Its captivating color and rich history make it a significant stone in both gemology and cultural lore. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical uses, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a long and fascinating history, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. The stone was first discovered in Egypt, and is considered the national gem of the country. It is believed to have been a favorite of Queen Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, who adorned herself with peridot jewelry.
Beyond Egypt, peridot holds cultural significance for other communities. In Hawaii, the gemstone is deeply connected to Pele, the volcanic goddess, and is believed to represent her tears. This association highlights the stone’s connection to volcanic origins, as peridot is often found in volcanic lava flows.
Historically, peridot has been attributed with various protective qualities. It was thought to ward off evil and nightmares, promoting restful sleep and calming anger. Some believed it could even cure depression. Its bright green color has long been associated with good health, peace, and harmony, earning it the moniker “gem of compassion.” Peridot is also the traditional gemstone gifted to celebrate a 15th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and renewal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle, originating from the mineral olivine with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4. The presence of iron within the olivine structure is responsible for peridot’s characteristic green hue. These stones are brought to the surface through volcanic activity, often found within basaltic lava. Uniquely, peridot has also been discovered within pallasite meteorites, adding to its mystique and connection to the cosmos. While meteorite-sourced peridot exists, the stones are typically too small for use in jewelry.
Currently, significant sources of peridot include Egypt, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Egyptian peridot has a long history of being mined and valued, while Vietnamese peridot, discovered in the 1990s, is prized for its varied shades of green. Burmese peridot is particularly sought after for its large cuts and rich color. Hawaii also produces peridot, holding cultural importance for the local population.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is classified as a semi-precious gemstone, exhibiting distinct gemological properties. Its color ranges from a pale lime green to a richer olive shade, influenced by the amount of iron present in its composition. The more iron, the more distinct and valuable the gem. Notably, peridot consistently maintains its green color under various lighting conditions.
On the Mohs hardness scale, peridot measures between 6.5 and 7, indicating moderate durability. This hardness makes it suitable for everyday wear, though jewelers often recommend protective settings, such as bezels, particularly for rings, to prevent chipping or scratching.
Peridot’s luster is vitreous, meaning it has a glassy appearance. While not as brilliant as diamonds or sapphires, it possesses a unique sparkle, sometimes referred to as an “evening emerald” due to its capacity to sparkle under both natural and artificial light. However, it is important to note that peridot is distinct from emerald, possessing its own unique characteristics.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. The stone is widely associated with renewal and positive energy, embodying the vibrancy of sunlight. It is believed to promote good health, peace, and harmony, fostering a sense of well-being.
Beyond its general positive attributes, peridot is thought to have specific benefits. It is believed to calm anger, aid in restful sleep, and even alleviate depression. Some suggest it sharpens the mind and opens the heart to growth, helping individuals discover their true purpose.
The stone is also linked to concepts of compassion and making things new, suggesting a transformative power. This symbolism resonates with its association with volcanic activity and the creation of new land.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot jewelry requires proper care. Due to its moderate hardness, peridot is susceptible to scratches and chips. Jewelers recommend avoiding harsh impacts and storing peridot jewelry separately from harder gemstones to prevent abrasion.
Cleaning peridot is relatively straightforward. It can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stone. After cleaning, rinse the peridot thoroughly with clean water and dry it with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help preserve its luster and brilliance. Protective settings, like bezels, are recommended, especially for rings, to minimize the risk of damage.
Styling and Complementary Metals
When incorporating peridot into jewelry, considering complementary metal choices can enhance its unique color. Yellow gold brings warmth to peridot, accentuating its green hue. Platinum or white gold, conversely, enhances the brilliance of the stone, creating a striking contrast. The combination of peridot with other gemstones, such as spinel and sardonyx, can create visually dynamic pieces that celebrate the diversity of August birthstones.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins in Egypt to its modern-day appeal, peridot continues to inspire and enchant. Its association with renewal, protection, and the sun’s energy makes it a meaningful stone for those born in August, or for anyone seeking a touch of vibrant positivity in their life. Its moderate durability and relatively accessible price point make it a popular choice for jewelry, offering a beautiful and symbolic addition to any collection.