For centuries, spinel has often been mistaken for other, more well-known gemstones. However, this captivating mineral deserves recognition in its own right, boasting a rich history, a stunning spectrum of colors, and durable physical properties. Officially recognized as an August birthstone alongside peridot, and more recently as a modern alternative to sardonyx, spinel offers a compelling choice for those seeking a unique and beautiful gemstone. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and symbolism of spinel, drawing upon established gemological resources and trade associations.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is inextricably linked to instances of mistaken identity. For many years, particularly within royal collections, spinel was misidentified as ruby, a mineral from the corundum family. This misidentification stemmed from the visual similarity between red spinel and ruby, especially before advanced gemological testing methods were developed. Several famous historical stones, long believed to be rubies, were later definitively identified as spinels. Notable examples include the 170-carat Black Prince’s Ruby, part of the British Crown Jewels, the 352-carat Timur Ruby, and the 398-carat Catherine the Great’s Ruby. These historical cases of misidentification only add to spinel’s intriguing story, highlighting its beauty and ability to rival its more famous counterpart.
The American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) officially added spinel as a recognized August birthstone in 2016, acknowledging its distinct qualities and increasing popularity. Prior to this, peridot and sardonyx held the traditional designation for August, while the modern list established in 1912 by the American National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) included peridot. The addition of spinel reflects a growing appreciation for this often-overlooked gem within the jewelry industry.
Geological Formation and Sources
While the sources do not detail the specific geological processes involved in spinel formation, they do highlight its mineralogical distinction from ruby. Spinel is a distinct mineral, not a variety of corundum. It is often found in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. The sources do not provide specific mining locations beyond the general context of its historical presence in royal collections, suggesting it has been sourced from various regions throughout history.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is celebrated for its durability and vibrant color range. It is often overlooked, but is a beautiful and durable gemstone. Spinel exhibits a captivating spectrum of colors, including reds, pinks, purples, and, most notably, rare vivid blues colored by cobalt. While red spinel can closely resemble ruby, gemologists can distinguish between the two through testing.
Garnet, another birthstone for January, shares a similar refractive index with spinel, giving both gems the impression of emitting light. Spinel is derived from the Latin word meaning grain or seed, and a possible reference to a pomegranate. The sources do not provide specific details regarding spinel’s chemical composition, hardness on the Mohs scale, or other detailed gemological properties.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The sources indicate that garnet, another birthstone, is believed to improve self-confidence and mental clarity, fostering creativity and a calm mind. It is also thought to help avoid negative feelings like anxiety, depression, or anger. While the sources do not explicitly detail metaphysical beliefs associated with spinel, they do state that garnet brings purity, truth, faithfulness, and friendship. The symbolism of birthstones, generally, is rooted in ancient traditions, with the earliest associations stemming from the breastplate of Aaron, symbolizing the signs of the Zodiac and the tribes of Israel.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for spinel. However, given its durability, it can be assumed that standard gemstone care practices apply. These generally include cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, and avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
Birthstone Lists and Modern Updates
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. An ancient list existed alongside a modern list created in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers. This modern list has remained largely unchanged, though updates have occurred. In 1952, alexandrite was added for June, and pink tourmaline for October. More recently, in 2016, spinel was added as a birthstone for August by the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America. This demonstrates the ongoing refinement of birthstone designations to reflect evolving gemological understanding and consumer preferences. The list of modern birthstones by month is as follows:
- January - Garnet
- February - Amethyst
- March - Aquamarine
- April - Diamond
- May - Emerald
- June - Pearl, Moonstone, Alexandrite
- July - Ruby
- August - Peridot, Spinel
- September - Sapphire
- October - Opal, Tourmaline
- November - Citrine, Topaz
- December - Turquoise, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon
The Role of Gemological Organizations
Organizations like the American Gem Society (AGS) and the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) play a crucial role in consumer protection and gemological education. The AGS, established in 1934, is dedicated to ensuring ethical practices and thorough grading standards within the jewelry industry. The GIA provides comprehensive gemological resources and research, including a pearl guide referenced in the sources. These organizations contribute to a more informed and trustworthy marketplace for gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers.
Conclusion
Spinel, once overshadowed by its more famous look-alike, ruby, has rightfully earned its place as a recognized and celebrated gemstone. Its captivating colors, durability, and intriguing history make it a compelling choice for jewelry and a meaningful birthstone for those born in August. The addition of spinel to the official birthstone list reflects a growing appreciation for this often-overlooked gem, and its story serves as a reminder that beauty and value can be found in unexpected places. The ongoing work of gemological organizations like the AGS and GIA ensures that consumers have access to accurate information and ethical practices when purchasing gemstones.