For centuries, spinel has been a gemstone of remarkable beauty and historical significance, often mistaken for its more famous cousin, ruby. While historically overshadowed, spinel has recently gained recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone, officially joining peridot and sardonyx as a birthstone for August in 2016. This acknowledgment by both the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) reflects a growing appreciation for this “great impostor” of gemstone history and provides a wider choice for those seeking a meaningful birthstone. This article will explore the history, gemological properties, and significance of spinel, drawing upon available information regarding its unique journey through time.
A History of Mistaken Identity
Spinel’s story is inextricably linked to that of ruby. For a considerable period, spinel was often misidentified as ruby, particularly in historical accounts. Many famous “rubies” adorning crown jewels around the world were, in fact, spinels. Notable examples include the 170-carat Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels, the 352-carat Timur Ruby, and the 398-carat Catherine the Great’s Ruby – all later identified as magnificent spinels. Ancient gemstone merchants revered spinel, referring to red varieties as “balas ruby.” It wasn’t until the late 18th century, with advancements in gemological technology, that scientists developed the ability to definitively distinguish spinel as a separate mineral species from ruby (corundum).
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months and astrological signs is ancient, potentially tracing back to the Breastplate of Aaron described in the Bible, which featured twelve different gems representing the tribes of Israel. The modern birthstone list began to solidify in the 18th century, with Polish jewelers credited with popularizing the practice of wearing gemstones corresponding to one’s birth month. The American National Retail Jewelers Association (now Jewelers of America) officially standardized a list of birthstones in 1912, a list that has been updated several times, most recently with the addition of spinel in 2016. This update demonstrates a responsiveness to both historical significance and consumer preference.
Gemological Characteristics and Sources
Spinel is a distinct mineral, with a chemical composition of magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl₂O₄). It is known for its exceptional hardness, registering 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for all types of jewelry. Spinel exhibits a remarkable range of colors, though it is best known for its vibrant reds, pinks, purples, and rare vivid blues colored by cobalt. While red spinels can closely resemble ruby, subtle differences in brilliance and light refraction can aid in identification.
The sources of spinel are varied, though historical records are less specific than those for more commonly recognized gemstones. The gem has been found in locations around the world, and was historically sourced from areas where ruby was also found, contributing to the initial confusion. The sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Symbolism and Significance
Throughout history, spinel has been associated with positive attributes. While specific metaphysical beliefs are not detailed in the provided sources, the gem was considered a stone of protection and good fortune. The association with royalty, stemming from its presence in crown jewels, further elevated its status and imbued it with connotations of power and prestige. The addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones provides an alternative to peridot and sardonyx, offering individuals a wider range of choices based on personal preference and aesthetic appeal.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a relatively durable gemstone. It can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. As with any gemstone, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, which could potentially damage the stone. Regular cleaning will help maintain spinel’s brilliance and luster.
Conclusion
Spinel represents a fascinating chapter in gemological history. Once mistaken for ruby and often overlooked, it has emerged as a gemstone worthy of recognition in its own right. The addition of spinel as an official August birthstone by the AGTA and JA signifies a growing appreciation for its beauty, durability, and historical significance. Its vibrant colors, coupled with its intriguing past, make spinel a compelling choice for gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. The story of spinel serves as a reminder that even the most historically misunderstood gems can reveal their true brilliance with time and careful examination.