August is unique among the months, boasting not one, not two, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This tradition stems from a long and evolving history of assigning gemstones to specific months, originating in ancient practices and continuing through medieval traditions and modern adaptations. Each of these stones carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and aesthetic qualities, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in August.
History and Lore
The practice of linking gemstones to birth months has ancient roots, traceable to biblical times and the Breastplate of Aaron, which featured twelve stones representing the tribes of Israel. This association gradually evolved, with early traditions solidifying in Poland and Germany several centuries ago. Over time, variations emerged, leading to the existence of ancient, traditional, and modern birthstone lists, and even regional differences in accepted stones. Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history extending back over 4,000 years. Peridot gained prominence as a traditional choice, while spinel was more recently added to the list in 2016, expanding the options available to August-born individuals.
Peridot itself has a rich and often confused history. Ancient Egyptians referred to it as the “gem of the Sun,” and it was sometimes mistaken for emeralds or topaz, particularly from sources on the Red Sea island of Topazios, which was, in fact, a major source of peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, formed deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is occasionally brought to the surface through volcanic activity, earning it the Hawaiian name “Pele’s Tears,” after the goddess of fire. Remarkably, peridot has even been found within meteorites, lending it an extraterrestrial allure.
While specific mining locations beyond the Red Sea and volcanic regions are not detailed in the provided sources, the formation process highlights its unique origin. Spinel, while not detailed in terms of formation, is noted as a mineral found in a variety of colors. Sardonyx’s origins are not detailed in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s color ranges from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, olive green, and even dark green, depending on the amount of iron present in the stone. It is known for its vibrant hue and brilliance. Peridot is the rare gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine. Spinel is noted as being harder than peridot, registering an 8 out of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale, while peridot’s hardness is not explicitly stated. Sardonyx’s properties are not detailed in the provided sources.
The sources do not provide detailed gemological data such as refractive index, specific gravity, or chemical formulas for any of the three stones. However, they do highlight the visual distinctions between them, with peridot being a sparkling green gem, spinel available in a variety of colors, and sardonyx not described in terms of color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with good fortune and is traditionally given as a gift to celebrate the 16th wedding anniversary. It is also considered a stone of protection and positivity. Ancient Egyptians believed peridot possessed healing properties. Referred to as the “evening emerald,” it was valued for its brilliance at any time of day.
While the sources do not elaborate on the symbolism of spinel or sardonyx, they acknowledge their historical and cultural significance as birthstones. Spinel is noted for its variety of colors, suggesting a potential for diverse symbolic interpretations.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for any of the three August birthstones. However, given spinel’s higher hardness, it is likely more durable and resistant to scratching than peridot. General gemstone care principles, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, would apply.
A Modern Expansion: The Addition of Spinel
Until 2016, peridot and sardonyx were the established birthstones for August. The addition of spinel reflects a modern trend towards offering more variety and choice in birthstone selections. This change acknowledges the growing appreciation for spinel as a beautiful and durable gemstone, often mistaken for ruby in the past. Spinel’s availability in a wide range of colors – red, pink, blue, white, and black – further enhances its appeal as a birthstone option.
Choosing an August Birthstone
With three distinct options available, choosing an August birthstone can be a delightful experience. Peridot offers a classic, vibrant green hue with a rich history. Spinel provides a broader spectrum of colors and greater durability. Sardonyx, as the original August birthstone, carries a sense of tradition and historical significance. The best choice ultimately depends on personal preference, style, and desired symbolism.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represents a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From ancient origins to modern additions, these gemstones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the eighth month of the year. Each stone carries its own unique story and aesthetic appeal, making August a truly special month for gemstone enthusiasts. The evolution of August’s birthstone list demonstrates the enduring human fascination with these beautiful creations of nature and their connection to our lives and beliefs.