December is a month steeped in tradition and marked by the transition between seasons. Unusually, December boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – specifically, blue zircon. These gemstones, united by their captivating blue and blue-green hues, carry with them a wealth of history, cultural significance, and unique properties. This article will explore the origins, geological characteristics, symbolism, and care of these three December birthstones, offering a comprehensive overview for those born on or around December 22nd.
December is one of only two months traditionally associated with multiple birthstones, providing a wider range of choices in color, price, and personal resonance. The selection of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon for December 22nd is not arbitrary, but rooted in historical usage and cultural importance.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest history of the three, being one of the oldest known birthstones. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans, revered turquoise for its protective qualities and association with good fortune. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “stone of Turkey,” reflecting the route through which these stones initially reached Europe from Turkish bazaars.
Zircon, particularly the blue variety, has been known since antiquity. Its brilliance often led to it being mistaken for other gemstones. It enjoyed widespread popularity in jewelry during the early 20th century, solidifying its place as a December birthstone.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently. Despite its recent emergence, tanzanite has quickly become a symbol of transformation and success, largely due to its striking color and limited geographical origin.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these gemstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise, as its name suggests, historically arrived in Europe via Turkey, though significant deposits are now found in the United States, particularly in the Southwest.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, and the blue variety is created through heat treatment of colorless zircon.
Tanzanite is unique in that it is found in only one location worldwide: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Each of these birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise is known for its opaque nature and varying shades of blue-green. Zircon exhibits exceptional brilliance and fire, often rivaling that of diamonds. Blue zircon, specifically, is a popular choice for its vibrant color. Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, is celebrated for its trichroism – displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle – typically shades of blue, violet, and burgundy.
While specific details regarding chemical composition, refractive index, and hardness are not provided in the available sources, the stones are generally recognized for their durability and aesthetic appeal. Blue Topaz, while listed as an alternative December birthstone, is not a primary focus of the provided materials.
Here's a table summarizing the key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Historical Significance | Source Locations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | Protection, Good Fortune | Turkey, United States |
| Zircon | Blue | Strength, Protection | Various, Heat-treated |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | Transformation, Success | Tanzania (Merelani Hills) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with protection and good fortune, while zircon was historically believed to offer strength and safeguard against harm. Tanzanite, as a more modern discovery, is often linked to transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth.
The blue color common to all three stones evokes feelings of calm, serenity, and spiritual depth, aligning with the winter season and the introspective nature of December. Blue Topaz, also a December birthstone, is known as a symbol of love and fidelity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these gemstones requires specific care. While detailed cleaning instructions are not provided in the sources, general guidelines for gemstone care apply. Turquoise, being a relatively soft stone, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Zircon and tanzanite, being more durable, can withstand gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. However, it is always advisable to consult a professional jeweler for cleaning and maintenance, especially for valuable pieces.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient protective qualities of turquoise to the modern allure of tanzanite and the enduring brilliance of zircon, these gemstones offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. Their shared blue hues evoke the tranquility of winter, while their individual properties and origins provide a unique connection to the earth and its rich geological history. These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible links to cultural traditions and personal meaning.