Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone, recognized as a modern birthstone for December, alongside turquoise and zircon. Its relatively recent discovery in 1967, coupled with its striking pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from various angles – has quickly established it as a highly sought-after gem. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of tanzanite, providing a comprehensive overview of this remarkable stone.
History and Lore
While gemstones have been associated with specific months for centuries, the modern practice of assigning a single gem to each month is a more recent development. The idea of birthstones originates from biblical times, with the twelve gemstones on the breastplate of Aaron believed to correspond to the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, connections were made between these gems and the signs of the zodiac, with the belief that wearing a stone during its corresponding astrological period offered special powers. However, the single-birthstone-per-month system emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, and was further formalized in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers in the United States.
Tanzanite’s history is unique in that it wasn’t known to the world until the 20th century. Initially identified as blue zoisite in 1962, the primary source was located in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania in 1967. It was subsequently named tanzanite in honor of its country of origin. Recognizing its potential, Tiffany & Co. became the gem’s main distributor, launching a significant advertising campaign in 1968 that propelled tanzanite to international prominence. Today, it is not only celebrated as a December birthstone but also marks the 24th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is exceptionally rare, found commercially only in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its value and desirability. The mining operations in this region involve digging over 100 meters deep into the earth, amidst a landscape of grass-covered hillsides, scrub brush, and rocky soil, overlooked by the snow-capped slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The gem forms within metamorphic rocks, a result of intense heat and pressure altering pre-existing minerals.
The unique geological conditions required for tanzanite formation are believed to be exceptionally rare, leading to speculation that the supply of this gemstone may eventually be exhausted. This rarity further enhances its appeal to collectors and jewelry enthusiasts.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. It is often described as “velvety” due to its deep and saturated color, which ranges from a pure rich blue to violet. The blue hues are generally considered the most valuable. The gem exhibits strong pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles – shades of blue, violet, and red can be observed.
Tanzanite typically presents high clarity and the potential for large cut stones, contributing to its appeal. While a specific hardness wasn’t provided in the sources, its durability makes it suitable for jewelry. Proper care, however, is recommended to maintain its brilliance.
Here's a summary of Tanzanite's key properties, based on the provided sources:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite (Calcium Aluminum Silicate) |
| Color | Blue to Violet (Blue is most valuable) |
| Clarity | Typically High |
| Pleochroism | Displays Blue, Violet, and Red |
| Luster | Velvety |
| Source | Merelani Hills, Tanzania |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not detail extensive historical metaphysical beliefs surrounding tanzanite, due to its recent discovery, it is associated with wisdom, peace, and inner strength. The gem’s vibrant color and unique properties contribute to its symbolic meaning. It is believed to inspire confidence and enhance focus, making it a fitting stone for those born in December.
The sources do reference the symbolism of other December birthstones. Turquoise, for example, has a long history of promoting positive energy and was significant in Native American beliefs and ancient Egyptian tombs. It was believed to ensure good health and fortune, promote happiness, and offer protection. Historical beliefs also suggested it could prevent falls and even warn of impending disaster.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care instructions for tanzanite. However, general gemstone care principles apply. Given its potential for clarity and brilliance, regular cleaning with lukewarm soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided to prevent damage. Storing tanzanite jewelry separately from other pieces will help prevent scratching. Professional cleaning annually can help maintain optimal sparkle.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, has quickly become a celebrated December birthstone. Its unique geological origins, striking pleochroism, and captivating color have established it as a highly desirable gem. From its discovery in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania to its promotion by Tiffany & Co., tanzanite’s journey is a testament to the enduring allure of rare and beautiful gemstones. Its association with wisdom, peace, and inner strength further enhances its significance, making it a meaningful and cherished stone for those born in December.