December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, distinguished by not one, but four official gemstones: turquoise, tanzanite, zircon, and blue topaz. Each of these stones offers a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool, crisp tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the distinction of being the most traditional December birthstone, the inclusion of tanzanite, zircon, and blue topaz provides a diverse range of options for those born in this month, catering to different tastes and preferences. These gemstones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are imbued with cultural significance and believed to possess unique metaphysical properties.
A History Intertwined with Tradition and Discovery
The history of December birthstones is a blend of ancient tradition and more recent discoveries. Turquoise, alongside zircon, has been recognized as a December birthstone for centuries. Turquoise’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient civilizations. It was cherished by ancient cultures for its spiritual and healing qualities, often fashioned into protective talismans. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, also boasts a long and storied past, valued for its brilliance and range of colors.
In contrast, tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro. Its unique blue to violet color quickly gained popularity, establishing it as a sought-after gemstone. Blue topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, has also become a beloved choice for its icy blue clarity and calming energy. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December reflects a desire to offer a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning.
Geological Origins and Sources
The geological formation and sources of these December birthstones vary significantly. Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forming in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks. It is primarily found in the southwestern United States, Iran, and China.
Zircon forms in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, often as a byproduct of magma crystallization. It can be found in various locations worldwide, including Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one area: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Blue topaz is typically created through irradiation of colorless topaz, which is found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
| Property | Turquoise | Tanzanite | Zircon | Blue Topaz |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | ZrSiO4 | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 |
| Color | Sky blue to green | Blue to violet | Colorless, blue, red | Blue |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5-6 | 6-7 | 6.5-7.5 | 8 |
| Crystal System | Triclinic | Triclinic | Tetragonal | Orthorhombic |
| Refractive Index | 1.61 - 1.62 | 1.48 - 1.50 | 1.81 - 2.02 | 1.61 - 1.63 |
Turquoise, with a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, is relatively soft and requires careful handling. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6-7, is more durable but still susceptible to damage. Zircon, ranging from 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, exhibits a brilliant fire and can display a rainbow of colors. Blue topaz, with a hardness of 8, is a relatively hard and durable gemstone, making it suitable for everyday wear. The refractive index, a measure of how light bends within a gemstone, contributes to its brilliance and sparkle. Zircon, with its high refractive index, is particularly known for its exceptional fire.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been associated with protection, wisdom, and good fortune. It was believed to ward off negative energy and promote healing. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and is thought to bring prosperity and honor.
Tanzanite is believed to promote transformation and spiritual growth, connecting the wearer to higher consciousness. Its unique color is often associated with intuition and psychic abilities. Blue topaz is associated with calming energy, emotional balance, and communication. It is believed to promote clarity of thought and enhance creativity. These stones are thought to connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Due to its relative softness, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Cleaning turquoise can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Tanzanite and zircon are more durable but should still be protected from extreme temperatures and ultrasonic cleaners. Blue topaz, being relatively hard, can withstand more rigorous cleaning, but it is still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive materials. Regular cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush will help maintain their brilliance. Following these simple care instructions will ensure that December birthstones remain beautiful and vibrant for years to come.
A Diverse Selection for Every Preference
December’s birthstones—turquoise, tanzanite, zircon, and blue topaz—offer a breathtaking array of colors, histories, and meanings. From the tranquil blues of blue topaz and zircon to the earthy elegance of turquoise and the velvety allure of tanzanite, these gemstones embody the beauty and spirit of December. Each stone has its unique charm, whether it’s the calming energy of blue topaz, the ancient protective powers of turquoise, the fiery brilliance of zircon, or the transformative symbolism of tanzanite. Their versatility allows them to shine in a variety of styles, from bold statement pieces to delicate everyday jewelry.
Conclusion
December's birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones and fancy color diamonds, December's stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.