Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive olive-green hue, holds a prominent position as a birthstone for August, and specifically recognized for those born on August 13th. Revered for millennia, this gem boasts a rich history intertwined with ancient civilizations, symbolic meanings of strength and protection, and a unique geological origin. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its historical significance, geological formation, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical care guidelines.
History and Lore
Peridot’s story stretches back thousands of years, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt. Referred to as the “gem of the sun,” Egyptians believed peridot possessed protective qualities, warding off evil spirits and bringing good fortune. This association with the sun likely stemmed from the gem’s vibrant green color, reminiscent of sunlight filtering through leaves. The stone was highly prized and used in various forms of jewelry and ornamentation.
Ancient Romans also held peridot in high esteem, calling it “Evening Emerald” due to its ability to maintain its vibrant color even in low light conditions, unlike some emeralds which appear darker at night. This characteristic made it a favored gem for adornment, and it was believed to bring strength and courage to those who wore it. Soldiers in ancient times were thought to wear peridot as a talisman in battle, hoping to benefit from its protective powers.
Throughout history, peridot has sometimes been mistaken for other gemstones, particularly emeralds. Cleopatra herself is believed to have adorned herself with peridot stones, often misidentified as emeralds, sourced from Zabargad Island in Egypt. Even the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany features what were once believed to be emeralds, but are now confirmed to be peridot.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, with a chemical formula of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, composed primarily of magnesium, iron, and silicon. The presence of iron is responsible for peridot’s characteristic green color, with the intensity varying based on the iron content.
Remarkably, peridot can be found in rather unusual locations. It is formed under extreme conditions, originating in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is also found in pallasite meteorites, remnants of the early solar system, adding to its mystique and allure. While meteorite-sourced peridot exists, these stones are typically too small for use in jewelry. The majority of gem-quality peridot is sourced from the Earth’s upper mantle, carried to the surface by lava flows.
Historically, Egypt’s Zabargad Island was a significant source of high-quality peridot. Today, other notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Vietnam, and the United States, particularly Arizona.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits a range of gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal. Its color is consistently green, ranging from olive to a vibrant lime green, and it is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color.
Here's a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Color | Olive to Lime Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
Peridot’s hardness ranges from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear, though it is still susceptible to scratches and chips. Jewelers often recommend bezel settings, particularly for rings, to provide added protection. The gem exhibits a vitreous luster, giving it a bright and glassy appearance. It sparkles beautifully under both natural and artificial light, earning it the nickname “evening emerald.”
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings. Ancient cultures associated it with strength, protection, and healing. It was believed to ward off negative energy, evil spirits, and bad luck. Beyond physical protection, peridot was thought to offer emotional healing, promoting inner peace, reducing stress, and balancing emotions.
Some believe peridot can boost the immune system, aid digestion, and reduce the risk of infection. It is also associated with promoting self-worth and fostering positive relationships. The stone is linked to growth, prosperity, love, and loyalty, making it a meaningful gift for those born in August.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. While relatively durable, it can be scratched by harder materials. It is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to harsh chemicals.
Cleaning peridot is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone. After cleaning, rinse the peridot thoroughly with clean water and dry it with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and luster. Jewelers recommend storing peridot jewelry separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating August birthstone, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” cherished by Egyptians to its modern-day appeal as a vibrant and protective talisman, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its unique geological formation, ranging from the Earth’s mantle to outer space, adds to its mystique. With its distinctive green hue, durable nature, and positive associations, peridot remains a treasured gemstone for jewelry lovers and a meaningful symbol for those born in August.