Zircon is a captivating gemstone deeply intertwined with the month of December, representing wisdom, happiness, and peace. Celebrated for its brilliance and diverse color palette, zircon has a rich history and continues to be a cherished gem in jewelry. This article delves into the origins, geological formation, gemological properties, historical significance, and care of this remarkable birthstone.
History and Lore
The story of zircon extends back through centuries, with the very origin of its name subject to scholarly debate. Some believe the name derives from the Arabic word zarkun, meaning “cinnabar” or “vermilion,” referencing the gem’s potential for reddish hues. Others suggest a Persian root, zargun, translating to “gold colored,” acknowledging the gem’s range of golden tones. Considering the broad spectrum of colors zircon exhibits – encompassing red, orange, yellow, brown, green, and blue – both etymological possibilities hold merit.
Throughout history, zircon has been attributed with various powers and beliefs. During the Middle Ages, it was thought to induce sleep and ward off evil spirits. In Hindu tradition, zircon holds a significant place within the navaratna, the nine gems believed to protect the wearer and bestow wealth, wisdom, and good health, alternating with hessonite garnet as one of the nine gems.
The Victorian era witnessed a particular fondness for blue zircon, with exquisite examples frequently found in English estate jewelry dating back to the 1880s. This period marked a resurgence in the gem’s popularity, showcasing its beauty in intricate designs.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon’s formation occurs in a variety of geological environments, often in association with sapphire deposits. Notable sources of zircon include Sri Lanka, Australia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia.
Sri Lanka, renowned for its gem wealth, yields zircon alongside other prized gemstones like sapphire, ruby, and emerald. The Elahera region in central Sri Lanka is particularly productive, nestled within a dramatic landscape of mountains, jungles, and streams.
Australia’s Harts Range is another significant source, producing zircon in shades of yellow-brown, orangy brown, pink, and purple. The region’s open savannahs and dry stream beds conceal Zircon Hill, the primary mining location.
The gem’s frequent co-occurrence with sapphire deposits suggests shared geological origins and formation processes in these regions.
Gemological Properties
Zircon ranges from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating a moderate level of durability. While not as hard as diamonds or sapphires, it is still suitable for most jewelry applications with proper care. The gem is commonly subjected to heat treatment to enhance or create specific colors, particularly blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red hues.
Colorless zircon is particularly prized for its brilliance and “fire” – the flashes of multicolored light it exhibits. This characteristic has historically led to confusion with diamonds, as zircon can closely resemble a diamond in appearance. However, zircon possesses a higher refractive index and stronger dispersion than diamond, resulting in more noticeable fire.
Zircon is generally stable when exposed to light, although some heat-treated stones may revert to their original color (typically light brown) after prolonged exposure to bright light. Exposure to heat can also alter the color of certain zircon varieties. The gem demonstrates stability when exposed to chemicals.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7.5 |
| Treatment | Commonly Heat Treated |
| Stability to Light | Generally Stable |
| Stability to Heat | Variable |
| Stability to Chemicals | Stable |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Zircon is often associated with wisdom, happiness, and peace, making it a fitting birthstone for December. These qualities resonate with the spirit of the season and the hopes for a prosperous new year.
Beyond these general associations, zircon has held specific meanings in different cultures. In the Hindu tradition, as part of the navaratna, it is believed to contribute to overall well-being and prosperity. The gem was also historically believed to offer protection from negative energies and induce peaceful sleep.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, zircon requires careful handling to prevent abrasion and damage. It is best to avoid wearing zircon jewelry during activities that could subject it to rough conditions, such as gardening, sports, or dishwashing.
Cleaning zircon is best achieved with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can potentially damage the gem. Gentle cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and luster.
Distinguishing Zircon from Cubic Zirconia
It is important to note that zircon is often confused with cubic zirconia (CZ), a synthetic gemstone. However, these are distinctly different materials. Zircon is a natural gemstone, formed through geological processes, while cubic zirconia is a man-made creation. While both can exhibit brilliance, zircon possesses a unique fire and a natural origin that sets it apart.
December Birthstone Options
While blue zircon is a popular choice for December birthstone jewelry, it is not the only option. Modern birthstone charts also include blue topaz and tanzanite, while traditional lists feature turquoise and lapis lazuli. This provides individuals born in December with a diverse range of beautiful blue gemstones to choose from, each with its own unique appeal.
Conclusion
Zircon stands as a timeless and captivating gemstone, rich in history, symbolism, and geological intrigue. As the birthstone for December, it embodies qualities of wisdom, happiness, and peace. Its diverse color palette, combined with its brilliance and fire, makes it a cherished gem for jewelry enthusiasts and a meaningful gift for those born in the final month of the year. With proper care, zircon jewelry can be enjoyed for generations, serving as a beautiful reminder of its enduring legacy.