The color purple has long held a position of reverence, associated with royalty, spirituality, and wisdom. It is therefore fitting that several gemstones exhibiting shades of violet and lilac are recognized as birthstones, offering a rich tapestry of options for those born in February, March, August, December, and even other months depending on tradition. While amethyst reigns supreme as the most iconic purple birthstone, a fascinating array of other gems – including tanzanite, spinel, garnet, and tourmaline – also present captivating purple hues. This article will explore the world of purple birthstones, delving into their history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The association of purple with importance dates back millennia. Ancient sources indicate that purple symbolized importance and good judgement for men, while lilac denoted high thoughts for women. In Christian mythology, purple holds a canonical position, often interpreted as a color of humility and purification. The color’s significance is further underscored by its presence as the hue of the ninth gemstone on the biblical high priest’s breastplate.
Amethyst, in particular, boasts a rich history steeped in lore. Ancient Greeks believed that drinking from amethyst goblets could prevent intoxication, a belief reflected in the gem’s name, derived from the Greek word “amethystos,” meaning “not intoxicated.” For centuries, amethyst was considered equal in value to the most prized gemstones – ruby, emerald, and sapphire – before large discoveries in the 19th century increased its availability and subsequently lowered its price.
The symbolism of purple extends beyond ancient beliefs. It is often linked to clarity of mind and emotional balance, qualities that contribute to the enduring appeal of purple birthstones.
Geological Formation and Sources
Purple birthstones originate through diverse geological processes and are found in various locations worldwide. Amethyst, a variety of quartz, forms within geodes and volcanic rocks. Significant deposits are found in Brazil, Africa, Canada, Mexico, and the United States, with the Four Peaks Mine in Maricopa County, Arizona, being a particularly important source known for its rich, dark purple and purplish-red hues. Brazilian amethyst, specifically from the Rio Grande do Sul region, is also highly regarded, though it often exhibits a lighter color.
Tanzanite, another notable purple birthstone, is found in Tanzania, its namesake origin. Spinel, a later addition to birthstone lists, can also occur in purple shades and is sourced from various locations. Purple garnets, though rare, are found exclusively in East Africa. More recently discovered purple tourmaline deposits are located in Mozambique. Zircon, a December and September birthstone in some traditions, is also found in various locations.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of purple birthstones vary considerably depending on the specific mineral composition.
Amethyst is a variety of quartz with a chemical formula of SiO2 and a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale. Its color ranges from pale lilac to deep reddish purple, with the most prized specimens exhibiting a deep purple hue with rose flashes.
Tanzanite displays pleochroism, meaning it can appear burgundy, blue, and violet depending on the crystal orientation.
Spinel is a magnesium aluminum oxide with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale.
Garnet, in its purple variety, is a silicate mineral with varying chemical compositions depending on the species.
Tourmaline is a complex borosilicate mineral with a hardness of 7-7.5 on the Mohs scale, and can exhibit a wide range of colors, including violet.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate with a hardness of 6.5-7.5 on the Mohs scale.
The following table summarizes key properties of the most prominent purple birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amethyst | SiO2 | 7 | Pale lilac to deep reddish purple |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | 6.5-7 | Burgundy, blue, violet |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | 8 | Various, including purple |
| Tourmaline | Complex borosilicate | 7-7.5 | Various, including violet |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 6.5-7.5 | Various, including purple |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, purple birthstones are imbued with symbolic meaning. Amethyst, in particular, is associated with clarity of mind, emotional balance, and sobriety. It is believed to help balance emotions and promote calm. The color purple itself is often linked to nobility, spirituality, and wisdom.
Amethyst is also connected to the zodiac sign Pisces, falling between February 19th and March 20th. Individuals born under this sign may find a particular resonance with the gem’s calming and intuitive properties.
Care and Cleaning
The care required for purple birthstones varies depending on their hardness and durability. Amethyst, with a hardness of 7, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. However, prolonged exposure to sunlight can fade its color, so it should be stored away from direct light. Tanzanite, being somewhat softer, requires more delicate handling. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Spinel and tourmaline are also relatively durable and can be cleaned similarly to amethyst. Garnet and zircon require gentle cleaning to avoid damage.
Beyond Amethyst: A Spectrum of Purple Hues
While amethyst is the most widely recognized purple birthstone, several other gems offer captivating shades of violet and lilac. Agate, chalcedony, sapphire, and diamond can also occur in purple hues, though these are less common. The availability of these alternative purple birthstones expands the options for those seeking a unique and meaningful gemstone.
Conclusion
Purple birthstones represent a captivating spectrum of color, history, and symbolism. From the revered amethyst to the more recently discovered purple tourmaline, these gems offer a connection to ancient lore, geological wonders, and personal meaning. Whether chosen for their birth month association, aesthetic appeal, or metaphysical properties, purple birthstones continue to enchant and inspire, embodying the enduring allure of this regal and spiritual hue.