Sapphire, the captivating birthstone of September, has long been revered for its rich colors, enduring beauty, and symbolic significance. A variety of the mineral corundum, sapphire’s most recognized hue is a deep, celestial blue, though it appears in a remarkable spectrum of colors, often referred to as “fancy sapphires.” Throughout history, this gemstone has adorned the robes of royalty and symbolized virtues such as sincerity, faithfulness, and truth. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of the September birthstone, sapphire.
History and Lore
The name “Sapphire” originates from the Greek word sappheiros, and its association with nobility and the elite dates back to ancient medieval times. Sapphire-laden jewelry has historically been considered a stunning marvel, and those born in September have long been considered privileged to claim it as their birthstone. Beyond its role as a birthstone, sapphire holds a special place as the traditional gift for both the 5th and 45th wedding anniversaries, signifying enduring love and commitment.
The stone’s historical significance is intertwined with beliefs in its protective qualities. For those born in September, wearing a sapphire was believed to offer special protection from negativity and a disorganized lifestyle. This belief in sapphire’s protective power extends beyond personal well-being, as the stone is also linked to wisdom and the ability to transform negative moods into positive ones.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire is a variety of corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral with the chemical formula Al2O3. Its crystalline structure is hexagonal, possessing four axes – three of equal length intersecting at 60-degree angles, and one of differing length intersecting at a right angle. The presence of trace elements within the corundum structure dictates the gemstone’s color. Titanium and iron are responsible for the prized blue hues, while other elements create the spectrum of “fancy sapphires.” When chromium is present in high concentrations, the resulting gemstone is classified as a ruby, rather than a sapphire.
Historically, and continuing today, some of the most valuable sapphires originate from Kashmir, a mountainous region in northern India bordering Pakistan. These cornflower blue sapphires are particularly rare and highly sought after due to their exceptional color and limited supply. Other significant sources include Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, parts of the United States of America, and Australia. Supply and demand, coupled with geographic and political factors, contribute to the high value of sapphires from Kashmir.
Gemological Properties
Sapphire’s exceptional durability makes it well-suited for everyday wear. It is a remarkably hard stone, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness, second only to diamond. This hardness contributes to its resistance to scratching and abrasion.
While blue sapphires are the most well-known, the gemstone exhibits a wide range of colors. These include yellow, pink, purple, green, white (colorless), and even black. A particularly rare variety, known as padparadscha, displays a delicate pinkish-orange hue. Some sapphires even exhibit color change properties, shifting in appearance depending on the type of light they are viewed under, a phenomenon caused by high vanadium content and the stone’s absorption and refraction properties.
The value of sapphires is significantly influenced by color. Cornflower blue sapphires, with their velvety texture and intense saturation, are generally the most expensive. However, the value of fancy sapphires is also determined by color intensity, clarity, cut, and carat weight.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphire is deeply embedded in symbolism, representing virtues of sincerity, faithfulness, and truth. The blue hues symbolize depth, trust, and love, while yellow sapphires are linked to vitality, joy, and optimism. Pink sapphires evoke feelings of romance and tenderness, and green sapphires represent renewal, growth, and harmony.
Beyond these color-specific associations, sapphire is believed to promote wellness, both physical and mental. Wearing a sapphire is thought to bestow wisdom and uplift one’s mood. The stone’s association with royalty and nobility further reinforces its symbolic connection to power, dignity, and grace.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, sapphire is a relatively durable gemstone. However, proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance and luster. Sapphires can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these may damage the stone or its setting. It is also advisable to remove sapphire jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities to prevent scratches or impacts.
Conclusion
Sapphire, the September birthstone, is a gemstone of enduring beauty, rich history, and profound symbolism. From its ancient origins adorning royalty to its modern-day appeal in fine jewelry, sapphire continues to captivate and inspire. Its exceptional durability, coupled with its stunning array of colors, makes it a treasured possession for generations to come. Whether admired for its aesthetic qualities or cherished for its symbolic meaning, the sapphire remains a testament to the wonders of the natural world and a fitting emblem for those born under the September sky.