August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While sardonyx holds historical significance, and spinel is a more recent addition to the list, peridot remains the most widely recognized and traditional birthstone for those born in the eighth month. Both peridot and spinel offer a captivating array of colors and symbolism, making August birthdays particularly rich in gemological options. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of peridot and spinel, providing a comprehensive overview of these vibrant gemstones.
History and Lore
The history of peridot is often intertwined with tales of mistaken identity. Throughout history, this gem has frequently been confused with other green stones, notably emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, from which ancient Greeks sourced a green gem, was believed to yield topaz, but in reality, it was peridot. This misidentification continued for centuries, with some historians suggesting that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, but now confirmed as peridot.
Sardonyx, the oldest August birthstone on record, has a history stretching back over 4,000 years, appearing in ancient religious texts and adorning the breastplates of high priests. While peridot and sardonyx have long-standing traditions, spinel’s recognition as an official August birthstone is relatively recent. It was added to the list in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association, marking an unprecedented change to the established birthstone designations. Prior to this, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, particularly in historical contexts, due to its similar coloration.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a fascinating gem formed under extreme conditions. It is found in the hardened lava that carries it from deep within the Earth’s mantle, as well as in meteorites originating from outer space. Peridot found in Pallasite Meteorites is typically too small for jewelry use, but larger, gem-quality stones are brought to the surface by volcanic activity.
Spinel’s formation is also linked to geological processes, often occurring in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. While specific mining locations for both gems aren’t extensively detailed in the provided sources, the mention of new discoveries in the American Southwest suggests increasing accessibility of peridot.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, with a chemical formula of (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4. Its color is primarily determined by the amount of iron present, ranging from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow. This unique composition gives peridot its distinctive sparkle under both natural and artificial light, earning it the nickname “evening emerald.”
Spinel, while available in a wider range of colors, is known for its brilliance and sparkle, making it a favorite among gem dealers and collectors. The sources mention specific color variations of spinel with industry-specific names: rubicelle (yellow-orange), almandine (purple), sapphirine (blue), and chlorospinel (green). Red spinel, in particular, was historically mistaken for ruby.
A table summarizing key properties, based on the provided sources, is as follows:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color Range | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4 | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow | "Evening Emerald," found in meteorites |
| Spinel | Not specified in sources | Red, purple, blue, green, yellow-orange | High brilliance, historically mistaken for ruby |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Red spinel, like other blood-colored stones, is often associated with the heart. Author Judy Hall suggests that spinel possesses refreshing properties, renewing energy and fostering humility in victory.
Peridot has also been attributed with protective qualities and is associated with abundance and positivity. While the sources do not detail extensive metaphysical beliefs, the historical reverence for both peridot and sardonyx suggests a long-standing tradition of attributing power and significance to these stones.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for either peridot or spinel. However, given peridot’s composition of olivine, magnesium, and iron, it is reasonable to assume it requires gentle handling to avoid scratches or damage. Further research into the specific hardness and cleavage properties of each gem would be necessary to provide detailed care guidelines.
Choosing Between the August Birthstones
For those born in August, the choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx offers a personalized connection to their birth month. Peridot, as the traditional and most recognized birthstone, symbolizes abundance and protection. Spinel, the more modern addition, provides a wider range of color options and exceptional brilliance. Sardonyx, with its ancient history, represents strength and resilience. Ultimately, the best choice depends on individual preference and the desired symbolism.
Conclusion
Peridot and spinel represent the vibrant and diverse birthstones of August. From the historical misidentification of peridot as emerald to the recent recognition of spinel as a distinct gem, these stones offer a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. Whether choosing the classic green of peridot or the brilliant hues of spinel, August birthdays are celebrated with gemstones that are as captivating as they are enduring.