August is a month rich in symbolism and natural beauty, marked by the vibrant energy of summer and the warm hues of late-season blossoms. For those born in this month, the birthstone tradition offers a unique connection to the world of gemology and botany. The August birthstone includes three gemstones—Peridot, Sardonyx, and Spinel—each with its own storied history and gemological properties. Complementing these stones are two symbolic flowers—the Poppy and the Gladiolus—which further enrich the cultural and spiritual significance of the month.
This article delves into the rich tapestry of August’s birthstones and flowers, exploring their historical roots, geological origins, symbolic meanings, and modern relevance. Drawing from a diverse array of sources, we uncover the enduring legacy of these natural treasures and their role in jewelry, spirituality, and human history.
History and Lore of the August Birthstones
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months of the year dates back centuries, with ancient civilizations attributing protective and spiritual properties to various stones. August, in particular, has a long and fascinating association with gemstones, reflecting the cultural and historical evolution of these precious materials.
The Original August Birthstone: Sardonyx
Sardonyx is widely regarded as the original August birthstone, with a history that stretches back over 4,000 years. This gemstone is a combination of two types of chalcedony: sard, which forms the reddish or orange bands, and onyx, which provides the contrasting white or black layers. The name "Sardonyx" is derived from its appearance—sard and onyx combined in alternating stripes.
Historically, Sardonyx was highly prized in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where it was used for amulets, seals, and ornamental objects. Its durability and distinctive banding made it ideal for engraving, and it was often used to create cameos and intaglios—artistic carvings that conveyed symbolic imagery. In Roman times, Sardonyx was believed to bring courage and protection, and it was also thought to ward off negative energies.
The major producers of Sardonyx today include India, where the gemstone is known for its strong color contrast between the sard and onyx layers. Other notable sources are Brazil, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States. This widespread availability has contributed to its enduring popularity.
The Emergence of Peridot
Peridot, now perhaps the most well-known August birthstone, was added to the list in more recent times. This gemstone has a rich and somewhat mysterious history, with ancient civilizations often mistaking it for other stones such as topaz and emerald.
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, and it is known for its yellow-green to greenish-yellow color, which comes from the presence of iron in its chemical structure. It is one of the few gemstones that can be found in volcanic lava and meteorites, making it a unique mineral formed under extreme conditions.
One of the most famous historical examples of Peridot is its use in the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in the Cologne Cathedral in Germany, where 200 carats of what were believed to be emeralds are actually Peridot. Similarly, some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have been composed of Peridot rather than true emeralds.
Peridot was also known on the Red Sea island of Topazios, where it was once believed to glow in the dark due to the effects of moonlight and the phosphorescence of the surrounding sea. This phenomenon gave rise to the name “Topaz,” which was later applied to a different gemstone.
The Modern Addition: Spinel
The most recent addition to the August birthstone lineup is Spinel, which was officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016. Spinel, often mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar appearance and color, is a silicate mineral that can occur in a wide range of hues, including red, pink, blue, and black.
Spinel’s inclusion in the August birthstone list reflects the growing appreciation for alternative gemstones and the desire to offer more diverse options for jewelry. Its durability and brilliance make it a valuable and attractive choice, and it has been historically used in royal and noble jewelry collections.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological processes behind a gemstone’s formation is essential to appreciating its rarity and beauty. The August birthstones—Peridot, Sardonyx, and Spinel—each have unique geological origins and source locations.
Peridot: A Stone from Fire and Space
Peridot is formed in the Earth’s mantle, brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is also found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones that originate from outer space. The presence of iron in its composition gives it its characteristic greenish-yellow color.
Key sources of Peridot include:
- Zambia and Afghanistan, which are known for producing high-quality Peridot.
- The United States, particularly Arizona, where Peridot is found in volcanic rocks.
- Brazil and Myanmar, which also contribute to the global supply of this gemstone.
Peridot is relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. It is also non-iridescent, meaning its color remains consistent under different lighting conditions.
Sardonyx: A Sturdy and Historic Stone
Sardonyx is formed through the sedimentation and deposition of silica-rich solutions, often in cavities of volcanic rocks. The alternating layers of sard and onyx are the result of periodic changes in the mineral content of the water that deposits the silica.
The primary source of high-quality Sardonyx is India, particularly in the Rajasthan region, where the stone is known for its vivid red and white banding. Other notable sources include Brazil and the United States, where Sardonyx is found in volcanic rock formations.
Sardonyx is very durable, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, and it is also resistant to scratching and chipping. This makes it ideal for engraving and carving, especially in the creation of cameos and seals.
Spinel: A Hidden Gem
Spinel is formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, typically in metamorphic and igneous rock formations. It can also be found in alluvial deposits, where it is weathered from its source rocks and transported by water.
Significant sources of Spinel include:
- Afghanistan and Myanmar, where some of the most vibrant red and blue Spinels are found.
- Sri Lanka and Tanzania, which produce high-quality Spinels in a range of colors.
- Brazil and Vietnam, which are emerging as important producers of this gemstone.
Spinel has a Mohs hardness of 8, making it harder than Peridot and Sardonyx and ideal for use in rings, pendants, and earrings. It is also not prone to cleavage or fractures, which enhances its longevity and wearability.
Gemological Properties of the August Birthstones
Each of the August birthstones has its own distinct physical and optical properties that contribute to its beauty and durability. Understanding these properties helps jewelers and gemologists select the best stones for different types of jewelry.
Peridot
- Chemical Composition: (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄
- Crystal System: Orthorhombic
- Hardness (Mohs): 6.5–7
- Refractive Index: 1.65–1.69
- Color: Yellow-green to greenish yellow (due to iron content)
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cleavage: Perfect in one direction
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Common Cuts: Round, cushion, oval
Peridot’s low cleavage and moderate hardness make it suitable for settings that protect the stone, such as bezel or pave settings. It is also not prone to fading or discoloration, which ensures its long-term beauty.
Sardonyx
- Chemical Composition: SiO₂ (silicon dioxide)
- Crystal System: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz)
- Hardness (Mohs): 6.5–7
- Refractive Index: 1.48–1.53
- Color: Alternating bands of red (sard), brown (sard), and white or black (onyx)
- Luster: Waxy to dull
- Cleavage: None
- Transparency: Opaque
- Common Cuts: Cameo, intaglio, cabochon
Sardonyx is opaque and non-iridescent, which makes it ideal for engraving and cameo work. Its high durability and resistance to scratches make it a practical and long-lasting gemstone for jewelry.
Spinel
- Chemical Composition: MgAl₂O₄
- Crystal System: Isometric
- Hardness (Mohs): 8
- Refractive Index: 1.718
- Color: Red, pink, blue, black, etc.
- Luster: Vitreous
- Cleavage: None
- Transparency: Transparent
- Common Cuts: Round, emerald, princess
Spinel’s high hardness and resistance to scratches make it ideal for rings and other frequently worn jewelry. It is also not prone to cleavage, which enhances its durability and wearability.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their physical beauty, the August birthstones are rich in symbolism and metaphysical beliefs that have been passed down through generations. These beliefs vary across cultures and time periods but often center around protection, prosperity, and emotional well-being.
Peridot: A Stone of Prosperity and Protection
Peridot is often associated with growth, prosperity, and good fortune. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and nightmares, and it was commonly worn as a protective amulet. The gemstone was also thought to promote loyalty, love, and emotional balance.
Modern interpretations of Peridot’s symbolism include its association with healing and calming properties, making it a popular choice for stress relief and emotional healing. Some believe that Peridot enhances self-confidence and clarity of thought, making it a valuable stone for those seeking personal growth and self-discovery.
Sardonyx: A Stone of Courage and Stability
Sardonyx is traditionally regarded as a stone of courage and stability. It was believed to protect the wearer from negative energies and misfortune, especially during times of uncertainty or change. In ancient times, it was used as a protective amulet for warriors and travelers, and it was also thought to promote happiness and optimism.
According to legend, placing Sardonyx in the four corners of a house could shield it from evil spirits and negative influences. This belief highlights the gemstone’s symbolic connection to safety, security, and inner strength.
Spinel: A Stone of Harmony and Emotional Healing
Spinel is often associated with harmony, emotional healing, and the resolution of conflicts. It is believed to soothe the mind, calm the emotions, and promote a sense of inner peace. In some traditions, Spinel is used to facilitate reconciliation and restore balance in relationships.
The gemstone is also thought to enhance creativity and intuition, making it a popular choice for artists, writers, and spiritual seekers. Its bright and vibrant colors are believed to stimulate the heart chakra, promoting love, compassion, and emotional openness.
Care and Cleaning of August Birthstones
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of gemstones. Each of the August birthstones has specific care requirements based on its hardness, cleavage, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Peridot
- Hardness: 6.5–7
- Cleavage: Perfect in one direction
- Care Tips:
- Avoid sudden temperature changes, as they can cause fractures or cracks.
- Clean with mild soap and warm water, using a soft brush to remove dirt and debris.
- Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which can damage the surface of the stone.
- Store Peridot in a soft pouch or separate compartment to prevent scratches from other gemstones.
Sardonyx
- Hardness: 6.5–7
- Cleavage: None
- Care Tips:
- Sardonyx is durable and resistant to scratches, making it easy to clean and maintain.
- Use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush to clean the stone.
- Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which can damage the surface of the stone.
- Sardonyx can be exposed to sunlight without fading or discoloration, making it ideal for display or outdoor use.
Spinel
- Hardness: 8
- Cleavage: None
- Care Tips:
- Spinel is very durable and resistant to scratches and fractures, making it ideal for everyday wear.
- Clean with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush to remove dirt and debris.
- Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, which can damage the surface of the stone.
- Spinel can be exposed to sunlight without fading or discoloration, making it ideal for display or outdoor use.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—Peridot, Sardonyx, and Spinel—offer a rich and diverse array of physical, historical, and symbolic qualities that make them truly special. From the protective and prosperous properties of Peridot to the courage-inspiring energy of Sardonyx and the harmonizing influence of Spinel, these gemstones have captivated people for centuries.
Whether you are born in August or simply drawn to the beauty and meaning of these stones, they offer a unique connection to the past, the present, and the natural world. With their unique geological origins, rich symbolism, and practical durability, these gemstones continue to inspire and enchant, making them a valuable addition to any jewelry collection or personal history.