March is unique among the calendar months in possessing two officially recognized birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. While distinct in appearance and origin, both gems share a historical reputation for promoting well-being and offering protection to their wearers. Aquamarine, evoking the tranquility of the sea, and bloodstone, with its earthy tones and striking inclusions, offer a diverse range of choices for those born in March. This article will explore the history, geological sources, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of these two fascinating gemstones.
History and Lore
The association of aquamarine with the sea dates back to ancient times. Its name itself, derived from the Latin “aqua marina,” translates to “water of the sea,” a fitting descriptor for its characteristic blue hues. Ancient mariners believed aquamarine possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage, carrying the gem as a talisman during voyages. Beyond seafaring lore, aquamarine was also thought to bring happiness in marriage and offer protection in battle and legal disputes, fostering amiability and sharpening the intellect.
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope and ematille, boasts an equally rich history. Throughout antiquity, it was valued as both a talisman and an amulet. Its distinctive appearance – a dark green base speckled with red inclusions resembling drops of blood – led to associations with courage, strength, and vitality. The red spots were historically linked to the blood of Christ, contributing to its reverence and perceived healing properties. Ancient cultures believed bloodstone could staunch bleeding and offer protection from negative influences.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. It forms in pegmatites, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks, and is often found alongside other beryl varieties like emerald and morganite. The blue color of aquamarine is attributed to trace amounts of iron within its chemical composition.
For the past two centuries, Brazil, specifically the state of Minas Gerais, has been a prominent source of aquamarine. Notable examples include a 1,298-carat dark blue rectangular step-cut aquamarine gifted to Eleanor Roosevelt by the Brazilian government in 1936. However, aquamarine is also sourced from Kenya, Madagascar, China, and Nigeria. Within the United States, deposits can be found in the Mount Antero area of Colorado and in Riverside and San Diego counties of California, with aquamarine designated as the official state gemstone of Colorado.
Bloodstone, conversely, is a form of chalcedony, a microcrystalline variety of quartz. Its red spots are caused by iron oxide inclusions. While specific geological formation details are not provided in the available sources, its historical use suggests widespread availability throughout various regions.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and bloodstone differ significantly in their gemological properties. Aquamarine typically exhibits a light tone and moderate saturation of blue or blue-green color. While some stones can achieve hues comparable to sapphire, most aquamarines are considerably paler. The gem is known for its clarity, often appearing free from inclusions. As a variety of beryl, it possesses a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for a variety of jewelry applications.
Bloodstone, in contrast, is typically a dark-green cabochon, meaning it is polished into a smooth, rounded shape rather than faceted. Its defining characteristic is the presence of red spots of iron oxide dispersed throughout the green matrix. Bloodstone generally has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl | Chalcedony |
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ | SiO₂ |
| Color | Blue to Blue-Green | Dark Green with Red Spots |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Transparency | Transparent to Translucent | Translucent |
| Typical Cut | Faceted | Cabochon |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are imbued with symbolic meaning. Aquamarine, as its name suggests, is associated with the sea, representing calm, tranquility, and purity. Historically, it symbolized protection for sailors and was believed to foster happiness in marriage. More broadly, it was thought to promote courage, intellectual clarity, and protection against foes.
Bloodstone, with its dramatic appearance, symbolizes vitality, courage, and protection. Its red inclusions have historically been linked to strength and endurance, and it was often used as a protective talisman against negative energies. The gem is also associated with healing and renewal, believed to offer physical strength and grounding.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively high hardness, aquamarine is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these may damage the stone.
Bloodstone, being somewhat softer, requires more gentle care. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid abrasive cleaners and prolonged exposure to heat or sunlight, as these can fade its color. Given its often cabochon cut, avoid any cleaning methods that could scratch the polished surface.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone, the dual birthstones of March, represent a compelling combination of beauty, history, and symbolism. Aquamarine, with its serene blue hues and association with the sea, offers a sense of calm and clarity. Bloodstone, with its earthy tones and striking red inclusions, embodies courage, strength, and vitality. Both gemstones have been cherished for centuries for their perceived protective qualities and enduring appeal, making them meaningful choices for those born in the third month of the year.