March, the month that marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, is symbolically rich in renewal and transformation. As one of the few months with two recognized birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—it offers a unique duality in both appearance and symbolism. These gemstones have captivated human imagination for centuries, not only for their aesthetic beauty but also for their deep historical, spiritual, and cultural significance.
This article delves into the origins, properties, and meanings of these two March birthstones. We will explore their geological formation, sources, gemological characteristics, and the historical and symbolic roles they have played in various cultures. Additionally, we will examine how these gemstones are viewed in contemporary gemology and jewelry design, as well as practical advice for caring for these precious stones.
Introduction
March is a month of contrasts—of winter’s last stand and spring’s first bloom. This theme is mirrored in its two birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. Aquamarine, with its tranquil blue hues, evokes the serenity of the ocean, while bloodstone, with its deep green and crimson flecks, is associated with vitality and courage. Together, they represent a balance between calm and strength, making them particularly fitting for a month symbolizing rebirth and new beginnings.
The tradition of assigning gemstones to months of the year dates back to ancient times, with references in biblical texts and early European folklore. Over time, these associations evolved and were standardized in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly by jewelers and gem societies. Today, aquamarine and bloodstone are widely recognized as the official birthstones for March, though alternative lists also include gems like ruby, emerald, jade, and crystal for different zodiac signs or spiritual purposes.
This article will explore the unique qualities of aquamarine and bloodstone, their historical journey to becoming March’s birthstones, and the meanings attributed to them in various cultures. We will also provide practical information on their care and maintenance, ensuring that these beautiful stones can be cherished for generations.
The Historical and Cultural Significance of March Birthstones
Origins of Birthstone Traditions
The practice of associating gemstones with months and zodiac signs has ancient roots. One of the earliest references is found in the Book of Exodus, where Aaron’s breastplate is described as being set with twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. While the exact identities of these stones remain debated among scholars, they were later linked to the 12 months and zodiac signs.
By the 1st century AD, the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus was connecting the 12 stones to the 12 months and zodiac signs. This association spread across Europe and was further refined over the centuries. By the 1500s, German and Polish jewelers began to popularize the idea of wearing birthstone jewelry according to one’s birth month. The modern standardized lists of birthstones, as we know them today, began to take shape in the 19th century.
In 1870, Tiffany & Co. published a set of birthstone poems, which are credited to an anonymous author. These poems helped to popularize the birthstone tradition in the Western world and laid the foundation for the lists we use today. March’s inclusion of both aquamarine and bloodstone reflects both the evolving understanding of gemology and the desire to offer symbolic variety in birthstone selection.
Aquamarine: A Gem of the Sea
Aquamarine has long been associated with the ocean and has been a source of fascination for sailors and travelers. Its name comes from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (of the sea), a direct nod to its color. Ancient mariners believed that aquamarine could calm the waves and protect sailors from shipwrecks. It was also thought to bring happiness in marriage and to instill courage in those facing battle or legal disputes.
During the Renaissance, aquamarine was prized for its clarity and color. It was considered a noble gem, often used in royal and aristocratic jewelry. The stone was also believed to promote mental clarity and intellectual quickness, making it a favorite among scholars and philosophers.
In the 20th century, aquamarine gained additional symbolic value. It is the traditional 19th wedding anniversary gem, representing enduring love and fidelity. In some cultures, it is also associated with the zodiac sign Pisces, reflecting the stone’s connection to water and intuition.
Bloodstone: A Symbol of Strength and Vitality
In contrast to aquamarine’s serene blue, bloodstone is a deep green with red flecks, traditionally interpreted as drops of blood. This coloration gave rise to its name and its association with vitality, courage, and protection. In medieval Europe, bloodstone was believed to have healing properties and was used in amulets for warriors and knights.
The red spots in bloodstone are caused by iron oxide, a mineral that gives the stone its characteristic appearance. The green color is due to chlorophyll-like pigments in the stone. Bloodstone was also used in early medical practices and was thought to purify the blood and strengthen the body.
In ancient Rome, bloodstone was linked to the god Mars, the month of March being named after him. March was considered the start of the military campaign season, and soldiers would carry bloodstone amulets for protection and strength. In some Christian traditions, bloodstone is also associated with the blood of Christ, making it a symbol of sacrifice and redemption.
Bloodstone is also the 14th wedding anniversary gem, representing deep love and the enduring strength of a union. It is associated with the zodiac sign Aries, reflecting its fiery and bold nature.
Geological Formation and Sources of March Birthstones
Aquamarine: A Beryl of the Deep
Aquamarine is a variety of beryl, a mineral composed of beryllium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. It is typically found in granite pegmatites and metamorphic rocks, where it forms in high-temperature environments. The blue coloration of aquamarine is due to iron impurities within the crystal structure.
Aquamarine is known for its clarity and transparency, with high-quality stones appearing as clear as water. It is a relatively hard gemstone, ranking 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, which makes it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry.
The primary sources of aquamarine are in Brazil, where some of the largest and most beautiful aquamarine crystals have been found. Other notable sources include Colombia, Madagascar, Russia (Ural Mountains), and India. In the United States, aquamarine can be found in Colorado, Maine, and North Carolina, though the stones from these locations are generally smaller and less intense in color.
Bloodstone: A Jasper of Vitality
Bloodstone is a type of jasper, a microcrystalline quartz that forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is composed of silicon dioxide and is known for its opaque texture and deep green color. The red flecks are caused by iron oxide, which can form inclusions or surface stains.
Bloodstone is typically cut into cabochons rather than faceted stones, due to its lower hardness (6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale) and its tendency to have inclusions. Despite this, it is a popular gemstone for use in rings, pendants, and amulets.
Bloodstone is found in various locations around the world, including India, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. India is one of the largest producers of bloodstone, particularly in the state of Rajasthan. In the U.S., bloodstone is found in Nevada, California, and New Mexico. The stone is also popular in Middle Eastern and South Asian markets, where it has been used in jewelry and amulets for centuries.
Gemological Properties of March Birthstones
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ | SiO₂ with iron oxide inclusions |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5–8 | 6.5–7 |
| Color | Blue to blue-green | Deep green with red flecks |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal | Trigonal (as jasper) |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Opaque |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy to dull |
| Refractive Index | 1.56–1.60 | 1.48–1.53 |
| Common Cuts | Faceted | Cabochon |
| Primary Sources | Brazil, Colombia, Madagascar | India, Australia, U.S., UK |
| Special Features | High clarity, even color | Natural inclusions (blood spots) |
Aquamarine and bloodstone have distinct gemological profiles that make them suitable for different types of jewelry. Aquamarine’s high clarity and hardness make it ideal for faceted rings, pendants, and earrings, while bloodstone is best suited for cabochons in pendants, amulets, and rings. Their contrasting properties reflect their symbolic duality—calm and clarity versus strength and vitality.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine: A Stone of Serenity and Clarity
Aquamarine has been associated with peace, calm, and mental clarity for centuries. Its ocean-like blue is believed to have a calming effect on the mind and emotions, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional balance. In some cultures, aquamarine is considered a protection stone, particularly for travelers and sailors, who would carry it for safe passage across the sea.
Metaphysically, aquamarine is believed to promote communication, both with others and with the divine. It is often used in meditation to enhance inner peace and to encourage truthfulness in speech. In some traditions, it is also associated with fertility and the calming of childbirth.
Bloodstone: A Stone of Courage and Healing
Bloodstone is known for its energetic and protective properties. It is believed to enhance physical vitality and to strengthen the immune system. In some traditions, it is used in healing rituals to purify the blood and to promote physical and emotional strength.
As a stone of courage, bloodstone is often used by those facing challenges or difficult decisions. It is believed to help one stand firm in the face of adversity and to encourage honesty and integrity in one’s actions. In some metaphysical traditions, bloodstone is also associated with grounding and protection, helping to connect the wearer to the earth and to remove negative energy.
Bloodstone is also linked to karmic lessons, particularly those involving self-empowerment and the transformation of negative situations into positive outcomes. It is often used in spiritual practices to help one face the past and move forward with strength and clarity.
Care and Maintenance of March Birthstones
Aquamarine: Gentle and Durable
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. However, it can be susceptible to scratches from harder materials like diamonds or sapphires. It is also sensitive to heat, so it should not be exposed to high temperatures, such as in a microwave or near a stove.
To clean aquamarine, it is best to use mild soap and warm water with a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for aquamarine, but steam cleaners should be avoided due to the potential for heat damage. It is also important to store aquamarine separately from other gemstones, to prevent scratches.
Aquamarine should be avoided when exposed to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the surface or inclusions of the stone. When not in use, it is best to store aquamarine in a soft cloth or padded jewelry box to protect it from dust and physical impact.
Bloodstone: Opaque and Resilient
Bloodstone is a relatively hard gemstone, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, but it is opaque and has inclusions that can be sensitive to harsh treatments. Unlike aquamarine, bloodstone is not typically faceted, but rather cut into cabochons, which can be more prone to chipping or cracking if not handled properly.
Bloodstone is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, as it is not suitable for ultrasonic or steam cleaners. These methods can potentially damage the inclusions or surface of the stone. It is also important to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can alter the appearance of the stone or remove the iron oxide flecks that give it its unique appearance.
Like aquamarine, bloodstone should be stored in a soft cloth or padded box to prevent scratches and physical damage. It should also be kept away from direct sunlight or heat, as these can cause fading or discoloration over time.
Conclusion
March’s dual birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—offer a unique combination of beauty, symbolism, and versatility. Aquamarine, with its calming blue hues and clarity, represents serenity, communication, and protection. Bloodstone, with its deep green and crimson flecks, symbolizes vitality, courage, and healing. Together, they reflect the duality of March—of winter’s end and spring’s beginning, of rest and renewal.
These gemstones have a long and rich history, rooted in ancient traditions and refined through centuries of gemological study. Whether worn for their aesthetic appeal, their symbolic meaning, or their metaphysical properties, aquamarine and bloodstone continue to be cherished by gemstone lovers and jewelry enthusiasts alike.
Understanding the geological, historical, and cultural significance of these stones allows us to appreciate them not just as adornments, but as meaningful symbols of life’s transitions and transformations. With proper care and handling, these gems can be passed down through generations, carrying with them the enduring legacy of March and its dual birthstones.