December 19th is a day rich in gemological tradition, as it is associated with three distinct and meaningful birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These stones are more than just decorative jewels; they carry deep historical significance, cultural symbolism, and unique gemological properties that make them particularly special for those born on this date.
In this article, we will explore the origins and evolution of these birthstones, their physical and metaphysical properties, and the reasons why they continue to hold a place of importance in jewelry, spiritual practices, and modern culture. We will also touch on the care and maintenance of these gems to ensure their lasting beauty.
The Evolution of December Birthstones
The concept of birthstones is ancient and has evolved over centuries, with different cultures assigning various gemstones to different months. The earliest known references to birthstones appear in the Biblical Book of Exodus, where 12 gemstones were listed on Aaron’s breastplate, representing the 12 tribes of Israel. However, these early lists did not assign stones to months, but rather to tribes or people.
Modern birthstone lists began to take shape in the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1870, Tiffany & Co. published the first American version of a birthstone list, which included turquoise for December. This was followed in 1912 by the National Association of Jewellers (now the American Gem Trade Association), which expanded the list to include lapis lazuli as an alternative to turquoise. In 1952, zircon was officially added to the list, and in 2002, tanzanite was introduced as the third modern December birthstone.
The inclusion of multiple stones for December reflects a desire to offer a wider range of choices in terms of color, price, and personal meaning. For those born on December 19th, the selection of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon is particularly significant, as these stones represent the rich diversity of December’s gemstone heritage.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Origin and Discovery
Tanzanite is the youngest of the modern birthstones, first discovered in 1967 near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The gemstone was initially found as a violet-colored rock, but it was quickly realized that it could be heat-treated to reveal its characteristic blue to violet hues. This discovery marked a significant moment in gemology, as tanzanite is the only gemstone that occurs exclusively in one location on Earth—making it one of the rarest and most unique birthstones.
The gemstone was officially named in 1968 by Heidi Hänni, the wife of the founder of the company that first marketed the stone. Since its discovery, tanzanite has gained international popularity, especially for its stunning color and its association with December.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a type of zircon, though it is often referred to by its own name due to its unique coloration. Its chemical composition is ZrSiO₄, and it has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5, which makes it relatively soft compared to other gemstones like diamond or sapphire.
One of the most distinctive features of tanzanite is its trichroism—the ability to display three different colors depending on the angle from which it is viewed. These colors typically range from blue, violet, and deep purple. Tanzanite also has a high refractive index, which contributes to its brilliance and fire, making it visually striking in both natural and artificial light.
Cultural and Metaphysical Significance
Tanzanite is often associated with spirituality, transformation, and emotional healing. It is believed to enhance intuition, psychic abilities, and spiritual growth, making it a popular choice for meditation and spiritual practices. In terms of emotional symbolism, tanzanite is said to promote emotional balance, calmness, and self-awareness.
In December 19th birthstone lore, tanzanite is linked to success, protection, and positive energy. It is believed to help individuals overcome challenges and achieve their goals with clarity and confidence.
Turquoise: An Ancient Stone of Protection
Historical Significance
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with a history that spans thousands of years. It has been used by ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Persians, Chinese, and Native Americans, who valued it not only for its beauty but also for its metaphysical and protective properties.
In ancient Egypt, turquoise was considered a sacred stone, often used in amulets and jewelry for pharaohs and high-ranking individuals. It was believed to protect the wearer from harm and bring good fortune. In the Americas, Native American tribes used turquoise in ceremonial jewelry and talismans, viewing it as a stone of healing, protection, and connection to the divine.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O. It typically forms in arid environments where copper-rich rocks react with phosphorus and water. The color of turquoise ranges from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of other minerals and impurities.
Turquoise has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it relatively soft and prone to scratches and damage. It is also porous, which means it can absorb oils, dirt, and other substances if not properly cared for. For this reason, it is often impregnated or stabilized to enhance its durability and longevity.
Cultural and Metaphysical Significance
Turquoise is one of the most culturally significant gemstones in history. It is associated with healing, protection, and wisdom, and is often used in ceremonial and spiritual contexts. In many cultures, turquoise is considered a stone of good fortune and is worn to bring positive energy and clarity of thought.
In the context of December 19th birthstone lore, turquoise is believed to enhance spiritual connection and trust, as well as attract and strengthen romantic relationships. It is also thought to bring harmony and balance to the wearer's life, making it a powerful stone for those seeking emotional and spiritual growth.
Zircon: A Stone of Ancient Origins and Brilliant Fire
Historical and Geological Background
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over 4.4 billion years—making them among the oldest known natural materials. This places zircon in the very early history of the planet and highlights its geological significance.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is known for its brilliant fire and rainbow-like dispersion, which resembles the sparkle of a diamond. Zircon comes in a wide range of colors, including blue, yellow, brown, green, and even colorless, but the most popular variety for December is blue zircon.
Zircon is found in several parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, Brazil, India, and Thailand. It is often heat-treated to enhance its color and clarity, particularly in the case of blue zircon.
Gemological Properties
Zircon has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, which makes it relatively durable and suitable for everyday wear. It has a high refractive index, which gives it excellent brilliance and fire, similar to diamond. Zircon also has a high dispersion, which means it reflects light in a way that creates a sparkling, rainbow-like effect.
Blue zircon, in particular, is highly valued for its vibrant color and clarity. It is often used as a diamond alternative in jewelry due to its beauty and affordability.
Cultural and Metaphysical Significance
Zircon has long been associated with healing, protection, and spiritual insight. In ancient times, it was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune to the wearer. In modern metaphysical practices, zircon is thought to enhance intuition, promote healing, and stimulate creativity.
Zircon is also believed to have purifying properties, helping to cleanse the body and mind of negative energies. In the context of December 19th birthstone lore, zircon is associated with guidance and positive energy, helping individuals to stay focused and motivated in their personal and professional lives.
The Symbolism and Meaning of December 19th Birthstones
For those born on December 19th, the combination of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon offers a rich and meaningful connection to the world of gemstones. These stones are believed to bring a range of benefits, from emotional and spiritual support to physical protection and personal success.
Tanzanite is associated with spiritual growth, emotional balance, and success, making it a powerful stone for those seeking clarity and direction in life. Turquoise is linked to healing, protection, and wisdom, providing support in times of uncertainty and offering a sense of calm and reassurance. Zircon, with its brilliant fire and ancient origins, is believed to enhance intuition, stimulate creativity, and promote positive energy.
Together, these stones create a well-rounded set of energies that can support the wearer in many different aspects of life. Whether used in jewelry, meditation, or spiritual practices, these December 19th birthstones offer a deep and meaningful connection to the natural world and the human spirit.
Care and Maintenance of December 19th Birthstones
Each of the December 19th birthstones requires specific care to maintain its beauty and longevity. While they are all relatively durable, they also have unique vulnerabilities that should be considered when cleaning and storing them.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5, which means it can scratch relatively easily. It is also sensitive to heat and light, which can cause fading or discoloration over time. To care for tanzanite, it should be cleaned with warm water and a mild soap, using a soft cloth or a soft-bristled brush. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches, and avoided exposure to direct sunlight or high heat.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a soft and porous gemstone, making it vulnerable to scratching, staining, and water damage. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, so it should be handled with care. Turquoise should be cleaned with a soft cloth and a mild, pH-neutral soap, avoiding any harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. It should also be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture, to prevent fading and discoloration.
Zircon
Zircon is relatively durable and easy to care for, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5. It can be cleaned with warm water and a mild soap, using a soft cloth or a soft-bristled brush. Zircon should be stored separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches, and it is generally not sensitive to light or heat, making it a more forgiving gemstone in terms of care and maintenance.
By following these simple care instructions, individuals can ensure that their December 19th birthstones remain beautiful, vibrant, and meaningful for years to come.
Conclusion
December 19th is a unique and meaningful date in the world of birthstones, as it is associated with tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—three gemstones that each carry their own rich history, cultural significance, and gemological properties.
Tanzanite, with its rare origin and stunning blue-violet hues, represents spiritual growth, emotional balance, and success. Turquoise, an ancient stone of protection and healing, is believed to bring wisdom, harmony, and positive energy. Zircon, with its brilliant fire and ancient origins, is associated with intuition, creativity, and motivation.
Together, these stones create a well-rounded and powerful set of energies that can support the wearer in various aspects of life. Whether used in jewelry, meditation, or spiritual practices, the December 19th birthstones offer a deep and meaningful connection to the natural world and the human spirit.
For those born on this date, or for those who are drawn to the beauty and symbolism of these stones, the December 19th birthstones provide a rich and enduring source of inspiration, protection, and personal growth.