For those born on December 14th, the birthstone is not a single gem but a trio: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. Each of these gems carries a distinct history, symbolic significance, and set of gemological properties that reflect the character and energy associated with their December 14th bearer. While December is already known as a month rich in symbolism—marking the end of the year, the winter solstice, and numerous cultural and spiritual observances—its birthstones offer a unique blend of tradition, rarity, and mystique.
This article delves into the three December 14th birthstones, exploring their geological origins, cultural associations, and practical care tips. By examining each stone in detail, we uncover not only their physical beauty but also their enduring presence in human history and their evolving roles in modern gemology and jewelry design.
Introduction
December, the final month of the year, is uniquely represented in the world of birthstones by three distinct gems: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These stones have been associated with December for various reasons, including their historical use, their symbolic meanings, and their availability. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for a single month is relatively rare and reflects the evolving nature of birthstone traditions over time.
For individuals born on December 14th, these three gemstones hold special significance. Each is believed to enhance personal qualities such as vitality, intuition, and spiritual awareness, and to provide protection and guidance. The coexistence of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon in the December 14th birthstone lineup showcases the richness of gemstone symbolism and the way different cultures and eras have interpreted these stones.
This article explores the geological, historical, and symbolic aspects of each gemstone, drawing from authoritative sources in gemology and cultural history. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of these stones, their properties, and their place in the world of birthstones, particularly for December 14th.
History and Lore
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery with Ancient Roots
Tanzanite was discovered in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it one of the youngest gemstones to be officially recognized. It was first marketed in 1969 by Tiffany & Co., who played a significant role in its introduction to the global jewelry market. The stone was named after Tanzania, its country of origin, and quickly gained popularity due to its striking blue and violet hues.
Although relatively new, tanzanite is believed to have existed in the earth for millions of years, formed through a unique geological process involving the transformation of zoisite under high heat and pressure. The first tanzanite was discovered by a Masai herder named Samweli Kipkemoi, who found it near a riverbed. The gem was initially mistaken for sapphire, but further analysis revealed its distinct chemical composition and optical properties.
Tanzanite has since become a symbol of intuition and vitality, often associated with spiritual awakening and emotional balance. Its rarity—being found only in a small area of Tanzania—has contributed to its mystique and value in both jewelry and gemstone markets.
Turquoise: A Stone of Many Cultures
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones in human history, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt as early as 3000 BCE. The stone has been treasured across cultures for its vibrant blue-green color and its perceived protective and spiritual properties.
In ancient Egypt, turquoise was used in jewelry and amulets, believed to offer protection and divine favor. It was also used in cosmetics and religious artifacts. The Egyptians referred to the stone as “the sky in stone,” linking it to the heavens and divine power.
In China, turquoise was used in imperial regalia and carved into intricate pieces for the royal family. It was believed to bring good fortune and longevity.
In Indigenous American cultures, particularly among Native American tribes, turquoise is considered sacred. It is used in ceremonies, as a symbol of health, and as a protective talisman. Many tribes believe that turquoise is a gift from the gods, especially those of the sky and water.
The stone’s name comes from the French word turquoise, meaning “Turkish,” as it was introduced to Europe through the trade routes of the Middle East. Despite this name, turquoise is found in many parts of the world, including the United States, Iran, China, and Egypt.
Zircon: An Ancient Gem with a Modern Resurgence
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some specimens dating back over 4 billion years. It has been used in jewelry for centuries, often mistaken for other stones such as topaz or diamond due to its brilliance and refractive qualities.
Blue zircon, in particular, has become a popular alternative to blue topaz and is often included in the list of December birthstones. The blue color is achieved through natural or heat treatment of brown zircon, enhancing its beauty and versatility.
Zircon has been found in archaeological sites across the globe, including in India, Thailand, and the United States. It was historically used as a gemstone in ancient civilizations, including in Roman and Byzantine jewelry. In medieval Europe, zircon was believed to offer protection against enchantment and to promote wisdom and clarity.
In modern times, zircon has experienced a resurgence, particularly in the form of blue zircon, which is prized for its affordability and brilliance. It is often used as a diamond substitute and is a popular choice for those seeking an alternative to more expensive gems.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, with the chemical formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃·H₂O. It is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, in a region of metamorphic rock that has undergone intense heat and pressure over millions of years. This unique geological setting is responsible for the transformation of zoisite into the deep blue and violet hues of tanzanite.
The formation of tanzanite is closely linked to the presence of vanadium, a trace element that gives the stone its characteristic color. The presence of iron also contributes to the blue-green tones. Tanzanite is typically found in pegmatites and is often mined in small pockets, making it a rare and valuable gemstone.
Tanzania remains the only source of tanzanite, and the stone is considered a national treasure. Due to its limited supply and the fact that it is found in a very small geographic area, tanzanite is expected to become increasingly rare over time.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula Al₂(Cu,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·4H₂O. It forms in arid and semi-arid environments, often in the presence of copper deposits. The stone is typically found in the weathering zone of copper-bearing rocks, where water and chemical reactions combine to create the blue and green colors.
The most significant sources of turquoise include:
- United States (especially Nevada and Arizona)
- Iran (historically known as "Persian turquoise")
- China
- Egypt
- Russia
Turquoise is often found in association with other minerals such as quartz, calcite, and iron oxides. The presence of these minerals can create the characteristic veining and matrix patterns seen in many turquoise stones. The intensity of the blue color is largely due to the presence of copper, while the green tones are caused by iron.
Turquoise is relatively soft, with a hardness of 5–6 on the Mohs scale, which means it requires careful handling and proper care to maintain its luster and appearance.
Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over 4.4 billion years. Zircon forms in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
The most common sources of zircon include:
- Thailand
- Cambodia
- Vietnam
- Myanmar
- Brazil
- United States
Blue zircon, which is often used in jewelry, is typically heat-treated to enhance its color. Natural zircon can be found in a range of colors, including brown, yellow, red, green, and colorless. The blue variety is particularly popular as a December birthstone due to its vibrant hue and affordability.
Zircon has a relatively high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a brilliant, fire-like appearance. Its hardness is 6–7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear with proper care.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃·H₂O |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6–7 |
| Color | Blue, violet, purple |
| Refractive Index | 1.694–1.706 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.14–3.38 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Origin | Tanzania |
Tanzanite is known for its pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This property is one of its most distinctive features and adds to its visual appeal.
The stone is typically cut into faceted shapes such as emerald, oval, or cushion to enhance its brilliance and color. Tanzanite is often treated with heat to improve its color and clarity, a practice that is widely accepted in the gemstone industry.
Turquoise
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al₂(Cu,Al)₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂·4H₂O |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5–6 |
| Color | Blue, green, yellow, white |
| Refractive Index | 1.61–1.65 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.60–2.80 |
| Luster | Waxy to greasy |
| Transparency | Opaque |
| Origin | United States, Iran, China, Egypt |
Turquoise is an opaque gemstone with a waxy or greasy luster. Its color can range from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of copper and iron. The stone is often found with a matrix of other minerals, which can create intricate patterns and add to its uniqueness.
Turquoise is typically cut into cabochons or small pendants, as its softness makes it unsuitable for faceting. It is often stabilized or treated with resins to improve its durability and color.
Zircon
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZrSiO₄ |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6–7.5 |
| Color | Blue, brown, yellow, green, red, colorless |
| Refractive Index | 1.92–2.01 |
| Specific Gravity | 4.6–4.7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Transparency | Transparent |
| Origin | Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Brazil |
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a brilliant, fire-like appearance. The blue variety is most commonly used in jewelry and is often heat-treated to enhance its color.
Zircon is available in a wide range of colors, and its hardness makes it suitable for everyday wear with proper care. It is often used as a diamond substitute due to its brilliance and affordability.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with intuition, emotional healing, and spiritual growth. It is believed to open the third eye and heart chakras, promoting a deeper connection to one's inner self and the universe. The stone is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance clarity and insight.
In addition to its spiritual properties, tanzanite is also thought to provide protection and support during times of change or transition. It is said to help individuals navigate life’s challenges with grace and wisdom.
Tanzanite is also linked to the concept of success. It is believed to enhance one’s ability to make wise decisions and to attract opportunities for growth and advancement.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been regarded as a protective stone, believed to ward off negative energy and promote health and well-being. In many Indigenous American cultures, it is considered a sacred stone that connects the earth and the sky. It is often used in rituals and ceremonies to invoke the blessings of the gods.
Turquoise is also associated with communication and truth. It is believed to enhance the ability to express oneself clearly and honestly, making it a valuable stone for those in leadership or creative roles.
In some traditions, turquoise is believed to bring good fortune and prosperity. It is often used in amulets and charms to attract positive energy and abundance.
Zircon
Zircon is believed to enhance wisdom, clarity, and intuition. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to promote mental focus and emotional balance. The stone is said to help individuals tap into their inner wisdom and make decisions with confidence and insight.
Blue zircon, in particular, is associated with calmness and serenity. It is believed to help reduce stress and anxiety, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional stability and peace.
Zircon is also linked to the concept of change and transformation. It is said to support individuals during times of transition, helping them adapt to new circumstances with resilience and grace.
Care and Cleaning
Tanzanite
Tanzanite should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or steam cleaning, as this can damage the stone’s surface. It is also important to avoid exposing tanzanite to extreme heat, as this can cause it to lose its color.
Tanzanite has a perfect cleavage in one direction, which means it can be chipped or cracked if struck with force. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching.
Turquoise
Turquoise is sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals, so it should be cleaned with care. A soft cloth and mild soap are the best options for cleaning turquoise. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone or the resin used to stabilize it.
Turquoise should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Prolonged exposure to light can cause the stone to fade or change color.
Zircon
Zircon is relatively durable and can be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. It can also be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners, although this should be done with caution to avoid damage to the stone.
Zircon should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. It is also important to avoid exposing zircon to extreme heat, as this can affect its color and stability.
Conclusion
December 14th is uniquely associated with three gemstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—each of which carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and gemological properties. These stones reflect the rich tapestry of December’s cultural and spiritual significance, from its position as the final month of the year to its association with the winter solstice and the celebration of new beginnings.
Tanzanite, with its deep blue and violet hues, is a symbol of intuition and emotional healing. Turquoise, with its vibrant blue-green color, is a timeless gemstone with roots in ancient civilizations and a long history of spiritual and protective use. Zircon, particularly in its blue form, is a brilliant and affordable gemstone that has found a place in both jewelry and gemstone traditions.
Together, these three stones offer a powerful and meaningful connection to the individual born on December 14th. Whether worn as jewelry or used in meditation and spiritual practices, these gemstones serve as a reminder of the beauty, strength, and wisdom that can be found within each of us.