December holds a unique place in the world of birthstones, offering four distinct gems to those born in this month: Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon. Each of these gemstones brings with it a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and gemological properties. Whether you are drawn to the vibrant blue of Blue Topaz, the ancient allure of Turquoise, the deep transformation associated with Tanzanite, or the timeless wisdom of Zircon, December's birthstones offer a wide range of options that cater to different tastes and styles.
History and Lore
The history of December's birthstones is as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise, in particular, has a long-standing legacy that dates back thousands of years. It was one of the first gemstones mined by humans and has been cherished across various cultures, including ancient Egypt, Persia, Afghanistan, and Native American tribes. Turquoise has been revered not only for its striking color but also for its symbolic meanings of protection, peace, and prosperity. In some cultures, it was believed to ward off evil and bring good fortune to the wearer.
In contrast, Blue Topaz is a more modern addition to the December birthstone list. Its popularity surged in the 20th century, thanks to advancements in treatment methods that enhanced its blue color. This gemstone has become a favorite among jewelry designers due to its brilliance and durability. It is often seen as a sleek and contemporary alternative to the traditional Turquoise, offering a versatile range of hues from the serene Sky Blue to the regal London Blue.
Tanzanite, discovered in the 20th century, is a relatively new gemstone that quickly gained popularity for its deep transformation and spiritual awareness properties. It was found exclusively in Tanzania, which is reflected in its name. Tanzanite's unique color-changing properties have made it a sought-after gemstone, particularly among those who appreciate its mystical qualities.
Zircon, on the other hand, is one of the oldest minerals found on Earth, with a history that spans billions of years. It has been used in jewelry for centuries and is known for its refractive properties and brilliance. Zircon is often associated with wisdom and prosperity, making it a meaningful choice for those born in December.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological formation of December's birthstones provides insight into their unique characteristics. Blue Topaz is formed in igneous rocks and is often found in granite pegmatites. Its high hardness, rated at 8 on the Mohs scale, makes it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Blue Topaz is typically found in Brazil, the United States, and Nigeria, with Brazil being the largest producer.
Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, is formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It is commonly found in arid regions and is mined in countries such as China, the United States, and Egypt. The unique coloration of Turquoise is due to the presence of copper, which gives it its characteristic blue to green hues.
Tanzanite is a metamorphic mineral that forms under high pressure and temperature conditions. It is only found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it one of the most exclusive gemstones in the world. The geological processes that create Tanzanite are relatively rare, contributing to its limited supply and high value.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate that can be found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a brilliant sparkle. Zircon is primarily mined in countries like Australia, Thailand, and Brazil, with each location producing stones with slightly different characteristics.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of December's birthstones are as diverse as their histories. Blue Topaz is known for its clarity and brilliance, making it a popular choice for jewelry. Its high hardness allows it to be worn in various types of jewelry without fear of scratches. Turquoise, on the other hand, is a softer gemstone with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and requires gentle handling to maintain its beauty.
Tanzanite is a gemstone with a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. However, it is sensitive to heat and sunlight, which can cause it to fade if not properly cared for. Zircon, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, is one of the hardest gemstones in December's collection. It is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a brilliant sparkle and makes it a popular choice for jewelry.
Each of these gemstones has unique chemical compositions. Blue Topaz is composed of aluminum silicate with fluorine, while Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper. Tanzanite is a complex mineral composed of calcium, vanadium, and aluminum, and Zircon is a zirconium silicate. These chemical compositions contribute to the unique properties and appearances of each gemstone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with December's birthstones are as rich as their histories. Turquoise has long been regarded as a stone of protection, peace, and prosperity. In many cultures, it was believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil. It was also used as a protective talisman for travelers, soldiers, and warriors. The vibrant blue color of Turquoise is said to promote communication and clear thinking, making it a popular choice for those who value these qualities.
Blue Topaz is associated with clear communication and emotional healing. It is believed to help the wearer express their thoughts and feelings more effectively, making it a popular stone for those who wish to improve their communication skills. It is also said to promote calmness and balance, helping the wearer to navigate challenging situations with ease.
Tanzanite is linked to deep transformation and spiritual awareness. It is believed to help the wearer connect with their higher self and gain insight into their life's purpose. Tanzanite is also associated with emotional healing and is said to help the wearer release old patterns and embrace new beginnings.
Zircon is a stone of wisdom, prosperity, and spiritual growth. It is believed to enhance the wearer's ability to make wise decisions and to attract abundance and success. Zircon is also associated with protection and is said to help the wearer overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of December's birthstones. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness and sensitivity to environmental factors.
Blue Topaz is a durable gemstone that can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It is resistant to scratches and can be worn in everyday jewelry without fear of damage. However, it is advisable to avoid exposing Blue Topaz to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures.
Turquoise requires more delicate care due to its lower hardness and sensitivity to moisture and chemicals. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding prolonged exposure to water or harsh detergents. It is also important to keep Turquoise away from heat and direct sunlight, as this can cause it to fade.
Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and sunlight, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place when not being worn. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth, but it is important to avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steamers, as these can cause damage. Tanzanite should also be kept away from other gemstones that may scratch its surface.
Zircon is a relatively durable gemstone that can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It is resistant to scratches and can be worn in various types of jewelry. However, it is advisable to avoid exposing Zircon to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures, as this can affect its appearance and durability.
Conclusion
December's birthstones—Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon—offer a unique and diverse selection of gemstones for those born in this month. Each stone brings with it a rich history, distinct gemological properties, and meaningful symbolism. Whether you are drawn to the vibrant blue of Blue Topaz, the ancient allure of Turquoise, the deep transformation associated with Tanzanite, or the timeless wisdom of Zircon, there is a December birthstone to suit every taste and style. By understanding the history, properties, and care requirements of these gemstones, you can make an informed choice and enjoy the beauty and significance of your December birthstone for years to come.