December is a month of celebration, and for those born during this time, it also carries the special gift of three beautiful birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. Each of these gems has its own unique history, geological properties, and cultural significance, making them fascinating choices for men’s jewelry. While tanzanite and zircon are relatively newer to the jewelry scene, turquoise has been cherished for millennia across cultures and continents. This article delves into the characteristics, history, care, and cultural meanings of these December birthstones, particularly as they are incorporated into men’s rings and other jewelry pieces.
Introduction
December birthstones offer a diverse palette of colors and styles, making them excellent choices for personal expression through jewelry. Men who were born in December can choose from the deep blue to violet hues of tanzanite, the classic blue and green tones of turquoise, or the vibrant spectrum of zircon. These gems are not only visually striking but also rich in history and symbolism. While turquoise has been used in jewelry for thousands of years, tanzanite and zircon have gained popularity in more recent decades.
For men’s jewelry, the durability and suitability of a gemstone are key considerations. Tanzanite and zircon, though beautiful, require more careful handling than turquoise, which has a long history of being used in rings and other wearable pieces. Understanding the properties and care requirements of each gemstone is essential for those considering a December birthstone for a ring or other jewelry.
This article explores the geological origins, gemological properties, historical significance, and modern use of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon, with a focus on their suitability for men’s rings. We also provide practical advice on how to care for these stones, ensuring their longevity and beauty.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite may be a relatively new discovery in the world of gemstones, but it quickly gained international attention upon its introduction in the late 1960s. Discovered in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania in 1967, tanzanite is the blue to violet variety of the mineral zoisite. Prior to its discovery, zoisite was known as a green or brown stone. The transformation into its striking blue hues is achieved through heat treatment, which is both common and permanent.
Tanzanite was named after its country of origin and was marketed heavily by Tiffany & Co., which played a crucial role in establishing its popularity. It was promoted as a unique and exotic gemstone with international appeal. Today, tanzanite is not only a December birthstone but also the gem for the 24th wedding anniversary.
Culturally, tanzanite is associated with the rich natural heritage of Tanzania. The Merelani Hills, where it is mined, are located near the snow-capped slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The mining operations there are extensive, with thousands of workers involved in extracting the gemstone from deep underground. Tanzanite’s rarity and beauty have made it a symbol of luxury and elegance.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a far older and more widespread history than tanzanite. It has been used for thousands of years in jewelry, religious artifacts, and even in protective amulets. The gemstone was highly valued by ancient Egyptian royalty, including Pharaoh Tutankhamun, whose famous funerary mask is adorned with turquoise. The Egyptians believed that turquoise brought protection and good fortune.
Native American cultures also held turquoise in high regard. The Apache believed that it could be found at the end of a rainbow, and that attaching it to a bow or weapon improved one’s aim. The Pueblo people believed that turquoise took its color from the sky, while the Hopi thought it was created by lizards moving across the earth. In Tibet, turquoise is considered a national treasure and is believed to bring health, good fortune, and protection from evil.
Turquoise has also appeared in European royal circles. Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor, owned a famous amethyst and turquoise necklace designed by Cartier. In European tradition, the gifting of a turquoise ring symbolizes “forget me not.”
Zircon
Zircon has been known and used in jewelry for centuries, though it is less commonly associated with men’s jewelry today. The gemstone is found in a wide range of colors, from blue and colorless to red, orange, and brown. Much of its color variation is the result of heat treatment, which stabilizes the gem and enhances its appearance.
Zircon is believed to have protective and healing properties in various cultures. It has been used in ancient jewelry and is sometimes referred to as a stone of transformation and renewal. Despite its beauty and durability, zircon is not as widely marketed as tanzanite or turquoise, and its use in men’s rings is less common.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is found only in one place on Earth: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This geographical exclusivity contributes to its rarity and value. The region is characterized by grass-covered hillsides and rocky terrain, with the mining operations extending over 100 meters deep into the earth. The presence of Mount Kilimanjaro in the background adds to the dramatic setting of this unique gemstone source.
The formation of tanzanite is closely linked to the geological history of the area. Tanzanite is a metamorphic gemstone, formed under high pressure and temperature conditions. The original brownish zoisite crystals undergo a transformation through heat treatment, which is responsible for the blue to violet hues that characterize tanzanite. The blue color is considered the most valuable, with deeper and more saturated tones being the most sought after.
The commercial mining of tanzanite began in 1967, and since then, it has become one of the most significant gemstone discoveries of the 20th century. The gem is not only a December birthstone but also a symbol of the natural beauty and resources of Tanzania.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a secondary mineral that forms in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It is typically found in arid regions where copper-rich rocks are exposed to the surface. Turquoise has been mined for thousands of years, with some of the earliest known sources being in the Nishapur district of Iran. This region has produced the most prized turquoise, known as “Persian blue,” which is characterized by its deep blue color and fine grain.
In the United States, turquoise was once primarily mined in New Mexico, but today, the largest production comes from Arizona and Nevada. The Kingman mine in Arizona is particularly famous for producing high-quality turquoise with a vivid blue color. The Sleeping Beauty mine, also in Arizona, was once a major source but has since closed to turquoise mining.
China is now the world’s largest producer of turquoise, with Hubei Province being a key source. The turquoise from China is often treated to improve its color and durability, making it more suitable for jewelry.
Zircon
Zircon is a naturally occurring mineral that can be found in a wide variety of geological settings. It is often found in association with sapphire, and countries like Sri Lanka and Australia are known for producing both gems. Other zircon-producing countries include Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia.
Zircon forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a brilliant, fire-like appearance. The gemstone is often heat-treated to enhance its color, with blue and colorless varieties being the most popular. The heat treatment is a stable process, and the resulting colors are permanent.
Despite its durability and beauty, zircon is not as widely used in men’s rings as tanzanite or turquoise. However, it is a versatile gemstone that can be found in a range of colors, making it an appealing choice for those looking for something different.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which makes it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches and abrasions. It is sensitive to high heat and can crack if exposed to sudden temperature changes. Tanzanite is also vulnerable to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, which can damage its surface.
The gemstone is typically set in earrings or pendants rather than rings, as daily wear can cause it to chip or wear down over time. However, with a protective mounting and proper care, tanzanite can be used in special-occasion rings. It is best cleaned with warm, soapy water, and ultrasonic or steam cleaners should be avoided.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it one of the softer birthstones. It is often treated with resins or dyes to enhance its color and durability. The treatment process involves impregnating the gem with a resin to fill in the pores and create a more stable surface. This treatment also helps to protect the gem from damage caused by acids, skin oils, and other chemicals.
Turquoise is best cleaned with warm, soapy water, and it should never be exposed to steam or ultrasonic cleaners. High heat can cause the gem to crack or discolor, so it is important to avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures. Despite its relative softness, turquoise is a popular choice for rings and other jewelry due to its beautiful colors and historical significance.
Zircon
Zircon has a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than turquoise but still less durable than tanzanite. It is commonly heat-treated to produce blue and colorless varieties, as well as orange, yellow, and red. Some zircons may revert to their original colors after prolonged exposure to bright light, so it is important to store them in a dark place when not in use.
Zircon is stable when exposed to chemicals and is generally safe to wear in daily use. However, it is not recommended for rough conditions such as gardening, playing sports, or doing dishes. To clean zircon, a soft brush and mild soap in warm water are the best options. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended for this gemstone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. It is believed to enhance one's ability to communicate and express emotions, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional balance and understanding. The gemstone is also thought to promote healing and is used in various alternative therapies.
In the world of jewelry, tanzanite is seen as a symbol of elegance and sophistication. Its deep blue to violet hues are often associated with wisdom, truth, and calmness. As a December birthstone, it represents the beauty and uniqueness of those born in this month.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been regarded as a protective and healing gemstone. In ancient times, it was believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil spirits. Native American cultures considered it a sacred stone, and it was often used in rituals and ceremonies. In Tibet, turquoise is believed to grant health, good fortune, and protection from evil.
The gemstone is also associated with communication and emotional expression. It is believed to help one speak their truth and express their feelings with clarity and confidence. In European tradition, the gifting of a turquoise ring symbolizes "forget me not," making it a meaningful choice for romantic jewelry.
Zircon
Zircon is often associated with transformation, renewal, and spiritual growth. It is believed to help one release old patterns and embrace new beginnings. The gemstone is also thought to enhance intuition and psychic abilities, making it a popular choice in alternative healing practices.
In addition to its spiritual properties, zircon is also associated with prosperity and good luck. It is believed to bring success and abundance to those who wear it. As a gemstone with a wide range of colors, zircon represents the diversity and vibrancy of life.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstones, especially in rings and other jewelry that is worn regularly.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It is not recommended to use ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. Tanzanite is sensitive to high heat and should be stored in a cool, dry place when not in use. It is also important to avoid exposing it to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, which can cause surface damage.
When wearing a tanzanite ring, it is best to remove it before engaging in activities that involve rough handling or exposure to chemicals. Tanzanite is best suited for special-occasion wear, and with proper care, it can retain its beauty for many years.
Turquoise
Turquoise requires careful handling due to its softness and sensitivity to chemicals. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be avoided, as they can damage the treated surfaces of the gemstone. High heat can also cause turquoise to crack or discolor, so it is important to store it in a cool, dry place.
When wearing a turquoise ring, it is best to remove it before engaging in activities that involve exposure to chemicals, acids, or physical stress. Turquoise can be affected by skin oils and perspiration, so it is also a good idea to clean it regularly to maintain its appearance.
Zircon
Zircon is more durable than turquoise but still requires care to avoid scratches and abrasions. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can affect the stability of heat-treated stones. Zircon is generally stable when exposed to chemicals, but it is best to avoid wearing it in rough conditions such as gardening or sports.
When storing zircon jewelry, it is best to keep it in a soft pouch or jewelry box to prevent scratches. With proper care, zircon can retain its brilliance and beauty for many years.
Conclusion
December birthstones offer a beautiful and meaningful way to celebrate the month of December through jewelry. Tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon each bring their own unique colors, histories, and properties to the world of gemstones. Whether you are looking for a special gift for a loved one or a personal piece of jewelry, these gems provide a wide range of options to suit different tastes and styles.
Tanzanite, with its deep blue to violet hues, is a symbol of elegance and sophistication. Turquoise, with its rich blue and green tones, has a long history of being cherished across cultures and continents. Zircon, with its vibrant spectrum of colors, is a versatile and beautiful gemstone that offers something for everyone.
When choosing a December birthstone for a ring or other jewelry, it is important to consider the gemstone's hardness, durability, and care requirements. With proper care and handling, these gems can retain their beauty and value for many years, making them a lasting and meaningful addition to any jewelry collection.