March, a month of transition from winter to spring, is uniquely marked in the world of gemology by two distinct yet equally captivating birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. While aquamarine evokes the serene hues of the sea and sky, symbolizing calm, clarity, and hope, bloodstone represents strength, vitality, and protection through its deep green background speckled with vivid red inclusions. Together, these two stones embody a rich tapestry of geological, historical, and metaphysical significance, making them not only beautiful adornments but also powerful symbols for those born in March.
This article delves into the origins, properties, symbolism, and cultural importance of these two March birthstones, drawing from reliable gemological and historical sources. We will explore how aquamarine and bloodstone are formed, where they are found, their scientific and metaphysical properties, and the reasons behind their selection as birthstones. Additionally, we will examine the evolving role of birthstones in modern jewelry and personal identity.
History and Lore of March Birthstones
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months of the year dates back centuries and is deeply rooted in religious and cultural symbolism. The earliest known reference to birthstones appears in the Biblical Book of Exodus, where the High Priest Aaron’s breastplate is described as being adorned with twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. This ancient list formed the basis for many of the modern birthstone traditions.
Over time, different cultures and traditions added their own interpretations and lists, often influenced by local gem availability and spiritual beliefs. The National Association of Jewellers (NAJ), now known as the Jewelers of America (JA), played a key role in standardizing the modern birthstone calendar in the early 20th century. These adjustments were not only driven by historical reverence but also by practical considerations, such as gemstone availability and affordability.
In the case of March, bloodstone was originally the sole birthstone. It was a popular stone in the medieval period and was widely used in Europe for its protective and healing properties. However, as trade routes shifted and demand for more accessible gemstones grew, aquamarine was added to the list. This addition reflects a broader cultural and economic shift toward more widely available and visually appealing stones that could be worn daily.
Aquamarine, with its soothing blue color and associations with calmness and serenity, became a natural complement to bloodstone’s more intense and grounding energy. Together, these two stones represent the duality of March: the gentle awakening of spring and the enduring strength needed to weather the final days of winter.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a member of the beryl family, a group of beryllium aluminum silicate minerals that includes emerald and morganite. It forms in pegmatite deposits, which are igneous rocks characterized by large crystals and high concentrations of rare elements. The blue color of aquamarine is caused by the presence of iron impurities within its crystalline structure.
The name “aquamarine” is derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marinus (of the sea), a reference to its color, which resembles the sea and sky. Aquamarine is typically found in light to deep blue shades, with some specimens displaying a faint greenish tint. High-quality aquamarines are usually transparent and free of inclusions, giving them a glassy, water-clear appearance.
The primary sources of aquamarine are located in Brazil, which has been the main supplier of this gemstone for centuries. Other notable sources include Pakistan, Madagascar, Zambia, Nigeria, and the United States (particularly in California and Colorado). Aquamarine is relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of 7.5 to 8, making it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a type of jasper, a microcrystalline chalcedony that is a form of quartz. It is typically a dark green stone with red spots that resemble blood droplets. These red inclusions are caused by iron oxide, which oxidizes and gives the stone its characteristic appearance.
Bloodstone is typically found in sedimentary rock formations, particularly in areas where iron-rich minerals have mixed with quartz. It is most commonly mined in India, Brazil, and the United States (particularly in Arizona and New Mexico). Historically, bloodstone was highly prized in Europe, especially during the medieval period, where it was used in rings, seals, and amulets for its protective and healing properties.
The Mohs hardness of bloodstone ranges from 6.5 to 7, which means it is slightly softer than aquamarine. As a result, it requires a bit more care when worn in jewelry, particularly in rings that are more likely to experience wear and tear.
Gemological Properties
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency | Cleavage | Origin of Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquamarine | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ | Blue, blue-green | 7.5–8 | Transparent | None | Latin: "aquamarine" |
| Bloodstone | SiO₂ (with iron oxide) | Dark green with red spots | 6.5–7 | Translucent | None | Named for its blood-like spots |
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a trigonal mineral with a hexagonal crystal structure. It is pleochroic, meaning that it can show different colors when viewed from different angles. This property is more noticeable in rough or uncut stones than in faceted ones.
It is also non-reactive to most acids, which makes it relatively easy to clean and maintain. However, it is important to avoid exposing aquamarine to sudden temperature changes, as this can cause it to crack.
Aquamarine is often treated to enhance its color, particularly in specimens with a more greenish tint. Heat treatment is the most common method used to reduce the green tone and bring out the blue, resulting in a more desirable and marketable stone.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is not pleochroic and does not change color with different viewing angles. It is opaque to translucent, with a waxy to vitreous luster. Unlike aquamarine, bloodstone is not a single mineral, but rather a composite stone with iron oxide inclusions embedded in a quartz matrix.
It is also relatively non-reactive, but it is more susceptible to scratches than aquamarine due to its lower hardness. As a result, it is best suited for cabochon cuts, which are smooth, rounded forms that are less prone to damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with calmness, clarity, and courage. In ancient times, sailors carried aquamarine for protection against storms and to ensure safe passage across the seas. It was believed to be a stone of serenity, capable of soothing fears and bringing peace to the mind and body.
In modern metaphysical practices, aquamarine is considered a throat chakra stone, which governs communication and self-expression. It is believed to enhance the ability to speak one’s truth, especially in times of fear or anxiety. It is also thought to promote emotional healing, particularly in cases of trauma or abuse.
Aquamarine is also linked to health benefits, particularly in the throat, thyroid, and respiratory systems. Some believe it can alleviate sore throats, laryngitis, and other infections, as well as help with skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. It is also considered beneficial for vision, with some using it to relieve eye strain and fatigue.
In love and relationships, aquamarine is seen as a stone of harmony and fidelity. It is believed to help couples communicate more effectively, resolve conflicts, and deepen their emotional connection. It is also a stone of commitment, making it a popular choice for engagement rings and eternity bands.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is one of the oldest known gemstones with healing properties. It was widely used in medieval Europe as a stone of protection, courage, and vitality. It was believed to enhance physical strength, improve circulation, and increase vitality, particularly in warriors and athletes.
In modern metaphysical practices, bloodstone is considered a stone of grounding and protection. It is often used to remove negative energy, promote mental clarity, and strengthen willpower. It is also associated with the third chakra, or solar plexus chakra, which governs self-esteem, confidence, and personal power.
Bloodstone is also believed to have physical healing properties, particularly in the blood and circulatory systems. It is said to help with anemia, blood pressure, and blood purification, hence its name. Some also believe it can aid in recovery from surgery or illness and help the body heal more quickly.
In terms of emotional healing, bloodstone is thought to strengthen the mind, combat fatigue, and improve focus and concentration. It is a stone of action, encouraging one to take decisive steps and stand up for oneself in times of challenge.
Care and Cleaning
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are relatively easy to care for, but they do require some special attention to maintain their beauty and durability.
Aquamarine
- Cleaning: Aquamarine can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for aquamarine, but steam cleaning should be avoided.
- Storage: Store aquamarine separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
- Avoid: Exposure to sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the stone to crack. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or heat, which can cause the color to fade.
- Lubrication: Apply a small amount of jewelry polish to enhance the luster and protect the surface.
Bloodstone
- Cleaning: Bloodstone can also be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the surface or inclusions.
- Storage: Store bloodstone in a soft cloth or padded container to prevent scratches and abrasions.
- Avoid: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or heat, as this can cause the color to fade or the inclusions to become more pronounced.
- Lubrication: Apply a small amount of jewelry polish to restore the luster and protect the surface from dust and dirt.
Conclusion
The dual birthstones of March—aquamarine and bloodstone—offer a unique combination of beauty, history, and symbolism. Aquamarine, with its serene blue hues and associations with calm, clarity, and communication, represents the gentle awakening of spring. Bloodstone, with its deep green and red inclusions and its protective, grounding energy, represents the strength and vitality needed to face the challenges of life.
Together, these two stones reflect the duality of March: the transition from winter to spring, and the balance between emotional and physical well-being. Whether worn for personal adornment, spiritual practice, or historical appreciation, aquamarine and bloodstone remain timeless symbols of nature’s beauty and human resilience.
For those born in March, these gemstones are not just ornamental choices, but personal emblems of identity, strength, and connection to the earth.