February and March are months rich in symbolic meaning, marking the transition from winter to spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the renewal of life. These months are also associated with two of the most captivating and historically significant gemstones: amethyst for February and aquamarine and bloodstone for March. These gemstones not only reflect the changing seasons but also carry deep cultural, spiritual, and scientific significance. This article delves into the historical, geological, and symbolic dimensions of the February and March birthstones, drawing on reliable and well-documented sources to provide a comprehensive overview.
Introduction
The concept of birthstones—assigning gemstones to each month of the year—has ancient roots and continues to be widely practiced today. While modern lists of birthstones have evolved over time, the stones associated with February and March have remained relatively consistent. Amethyst, the purple quartz known for its calming properties and regal appeal, has long been a symbol of sobriety and strength. In March, the birthstone tradition splits into two: aquamarine, a serene blue beryl, and bloodstone, a vibrant green chalcedony with red inclusions. These stones are not only admired for their beauty but also revered for their historical and metaphysical associations.
This article explores the origins, gemological properties, symbolic meanings, and modern relevance of these two birthstones. It also considers alternative gemstone choices and offers practical guidance on their care and appreciation.
February Birthstone: Amethyst
History and Lore
Amethyst has been valued since antiquity. The name itself comes from the Greek word amethystos, meaning “not drunk,” reflecting the belief that the gemstone could protect against intoxication. Ancient Greeks would drink wine from cups adorned with amethyst or wear amethyst around their necks during feasts to stay sober. In medieval times, amethyst was considered a stone of purity and was often worn by royalty, including Queen Elizabeth I of England, who favored it for its regal hue.
Amethyst was also a popular stone in Renaissance Europe, where it was incorporated into religious artifacts and royal regalia. It symbolized piety, humility, and spiritual clarity. In some cultures, amethyst was thought to have the power to prevent nightmares and promote peaceful sleep.
Gemological Properties
Amethyst is a type of quartz (SiO₂), and its characteristic purple color is caused by trace amounts of iron and natural irradiation. The color can range from a pale lavender to a deep violet-red. The most valuable amethyst stones are those with a rich, saturated purple hue and good clarity. Amethyst is generally transparent to translucent and is often found in geodes, where it forms in clusters.
- Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale
- Color: Violet to reddish purple
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
- Refractive Index: 1.544–1.553
- Cleavage: None
- Common Cuts: Faceted, cabochon
- Primary Sources: Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and the United States (Four Peaks Mine in Arizona)
Amethyst is relatively durable and can be worn daily in jewelry. However, it should be kept away from direct sunlight for prolonged periods, as exposure may cause fading.
March Birthstones: Aquamarine and Bloodstone
History and Lore
March, a month of transition and renewal, is symbolized by two distinct gemstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These stones reflect the dual nature of the season—both the calm, serene aspects and the bold, energetic ones.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine, a blue to green-blue variety of beryl, has long been associated with the sea. Its name, derived from the Latin aqua marina (“water of the sea”), highlights this connection. In ancient times, sailors carried aquamarine as a talisman to protect them from storms and to ensure a safe journey across the ocean. It was also believed that wearing aquamarine would promote courage and honesty.
In medieval Europe, aquamarine was thought to have healing properties, particularly for the heart and liver. The gemstone was often used in healing rituals and was believed to bring calm and balance to the wearer.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a type of chalcedony with red iron oxide inclusions that resemble drops of blood. The stone has a long history of use in both practical and symbolic contexts. In ancient times, it was believed that bloodstone could stop bleeding and was used as a protective stone during surgery and battle.
Bloodstone was also associated with courage and strength. In medieval Europe, it was often worn by knights and warriors as a symbol of bravery and was believed to enhance one’s willpower and resolve.
In religious contexts, bloodstone was linked to the crucifixion of Christ, as the red inclusions were thought to represent Christ’s blood. As a result, it was used in religious artifacts and worn by clergy and devotees.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a beryl (Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆), and its blue color is caused by trace amounts of iron. The gemstone is typically transparent to translucent and is prized for its clarity and vibrant color. High-quality aquamarine stones have a pure blue or blue-green hue with good transparency.
- Hardness: 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale
- Color: Blue to blue-green
- Luster: Vitreous
- Refractive Index: 1.56–1.60
- Cleavage: Basal (perfect)
- Common Cuts: Faceted, step-cut
- Primary Sources: Brazil, Colombia, Madagascar, Nigeria
Aquamarine is relatively durable and can be worn daily in jewelry. However, due to its perfect cleavage, it should be handled carefully to avoid chipping.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. It has a green base with red inclusions, typically iron oxide or hematite. The stone is usually opaque and is often cut as a cabochon rather than being faceted.
- Hardness: 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale
- Color: Green with red flecks
- Luster: Waxy to vitreous
- Refractive Index: 1.53–1.54
- Cleavage: None
- Common Cuts: Cabochon
- Primary Sources: India, Brazil, United States (California)
Bloodstone is durable and suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. It is often used in rings, pendants, and beads.
Astrological and Symbolic Significance
Amethyst and February
February falls under the zodiac signs of Aquarius and Pisces, both of which are water signs. Amethyst is said to resonate with these signs, promoting calmness, clarity, and emotional balance. It is also associated with the third eye chakra, which governs intuition and spiritual insight.
In modern times, amethyst is often used in healing practices, particularly in crystal therapy. It is believed to help with stress relief, promote restful sleep, and enhance spiritual awareness. Amethyst is also associated with blessings of protection, making it a popular choice for travelers and those seeking to maintain inner peace.
Aquamarine and Bloodstone in March
March straddles the zodiac signs of Pisces and Aries. Aquamarine aligns with Pisces, a water sign known for its emotional sensitivity and intuition. Aquamarine is believed to support emotional stability and promote calmness in turbulent times.
Bloodstone, on the other hand, aligns with Aries, a fire sign associated with energy, courage, and action. Bloodstone is said to enhance willpower, boost confidence, and encourage one to take bold steps in life.
In modern metaphysical beliefs, both aquamarine and bloodstone are used in energy healing. Aquamarine is associated with the throat chakra, promoting clear communication and self-expression. Bloodstone is linked to the root chakra, grounding the wearer and promoting strength and vitality.
Care and Cleaning
Amethyst
Amethyst is relatively easy to care for. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using steam or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can cause damage. Amethyst should also be stored away from direct sunlight to prevent fading. If worn in jewelry, it is advisable to remove amethyst when engaging in activities that may cause impact or abrasion.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Due to its perfect cleavage, aquamarine should be handled with care to avoid chipping. It is best to store aquamarine separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It is relatively durable and can be cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner, though it is not necessary. Bloodstone should be stored away from abrasive materials and should not be exposed to harsh chemicals.
Alternative and Contemporary Birthstones
While amethyst, aquamarine, and bloodstone are the traditional birthstones for February and March, there are alternative stones that have been proposed over time.
February Alternatives
- Hyacinth (Red Zircon): A red gemstone that was historically used as an alternative to amethyst.
- Pearl: Sometimes used as a February birthstone in certain traditions.
- Moonstone: Another white, milky gemstone associated with February in some modern lists.
March Alternatives
- Jade: A green gemstone used as an alternative March birthstone in some Eastern traditions.
- Jasper: Similar to bloodstone but with a wider variety of colors and patterns.
- Emerald: A deep green beryl that is sometimes used as a March birthstone, particularly in symbolic or decorative jewelry.
In contemporary times, synthetic versions of these gemstones are also available. For example, synthetic aquamarine can be produced in a lab to mimic the chemical and physical properties of natural aquamarine at a lower cost.
Cultural and Commercial Relevance
Amethyst in Jewelry
Amethyst has long been a popular gemstone in jewelry. It is used in rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets. In modern times, it is also featured in vintage and antique pieces, where its regal purple hue adds a touch of elegance.
Amethyst is also a popular choice for engagement rings, though it is less common than diamonds or sapphires. In some cultures, amethyst is given as a gift to celebrate 23rd wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring love and harmony.
Aquamarine and Bloodstone in Modern Jewelry
Aquamarine and bloodstone are both used in contemporary and classic jewelry designs. Aquamarine is often set in silver or white gold to enhance its cool color. Bloodstone is frequently used in cabochon settings and is popular in rings, pendants, and beads.
In recent years, both gemstones have gained popularity in bohemian and artisanal jewelry. Their natural, earthy tones and symbolic meanings make them appealing to those who prefer organic and meaningful jewelry.
Conclusion
The birthstones of February and March—amethyst, aquamarine, and bloodstone—are more than just beautiful gems; they are symbols of history, tradition, and personal meaning. Amethyst, with its calming energy and royal associations, represents strength and clarity. Aquamarine and bloodstone, representing the duality of March, embody both serenity and courage.
These gemstones have been cherished for centuries, not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their spiritual and cultural significance. Whether worn for their beauty, their symbolic meaning, or their metaphysical properties, these stones continue to captivate gemstone lovers and jewelry enthusiasts alike.
Understanding the history, properties, and symbolism of these gemstones allows us to appreciate them more fully and to make informed choices when selecting or gifting them. Whether you are a collector, a jewelry buyer, or simply someone curious about the world of gemstones, the birthstones of February and March offer a rich and rewarding subject to explore.