Birthstone jewelry has long held a special place in the world of fine gemstones and personal adornment. These stones, often tied to a specific month, are believed to carry symbolic meanings and energies that resonate with the wearer. For December and July, two of the most distinctive and historically rich birthstones are tanzanite, turquoise, and ruby. In this article, we will explore the properties, history, symbolism, and care of these stones, especially in the context of ring jewelry. We will also compare their characteristics and suitability for ring use, helping both collectors and jewelry buyers make informed decisions.
Introduction
December and July are months associated with some of the most captivating gemstones in the world. December's birthstones include tanzanite, turquoise, blue topaz, and zircon, while July is represented by ruby. These gemstones are not only beautiful but also rich in history and symbolism. Tanzanite, discovered in the 1960s, is one of the rarest gemstones in the world. Turquoise has been cherished for thousands of years across multiple cultures. Ruby, with its deep red hue and fiery brilliance, has been a symbol of power and passion for centuries.
This article will examine the gemological properties, historical significance, and modern applications of these stones, particularly in rings. We will also consider their durability and care requirements, which are essential factors in choosing the right gemstone for jewelry. By the end, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of these December and July birthstones and how they can be best appreciated and maintained.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite was discovered in the late 1960s in Tanzania, hence its name. The gemstone was not intentionally mined but was instead found by chance when a local tribesman noticed the stone's sparkle in his garden. The stone was later sold to a rock collector, who, after consulting with jewelers and conducting tests, officially introduced tanzanite to the world. This accidental discovery led to the stone's rapid rise in popularity, especially in the early 2000s when it was officially added to the December birthstone list.
Tanzanite is known for its striking color, which ranges from a light blue to a deep purple. This color is due to the presence of vanadium and the gemstone's trichroic nature, meaning it can display different colors depending on the angle of light. Tanzanite's rarity and beauty have made it a favorite among jewelers and collectors alike.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a much longer history than tanzanite. It has been used for thousands of years in jewelry and adornment, particularly in ancient Egypt, Persia, and Mesoamerica. The stone was highly valued by these civilizations, who believed it had protective and healing properties. Turquoise was often used in amulets and talismans to ward off evil spirits and ensure good fortune.
The name "turquoise" comes from the French word "turquois," meaning "Turkish," as the stone was historically imported through Turkey from mines in Persia. Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and its color is a result of the presence of copper. The stone can vary in color from a deep blue to a greenish-blue, depending on the concentration of copper and the amount of water present.
Ruby
Ruby, the birthstone for July, has a history that is equally rich and storied. The word "ruby" comes from the Latin "ruber," meaning "red." Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, and its deep red color is due to the presence of chromium. Ruby has been a symbol of power, passion, and protection across many cultures. In ancient times, rulers and warriors wore ruby to protect themselves in battle and to symbolize their strength and courage.
Ruby was also considered a symbol of love and was often given as a gift in engagements and weddings. The stone was believed to bring good fortune and was associated with the sun, as well as the heart. In some cultures, ruby was thought to have healing properties and was used in medicine to treat ailments of the heart and blood.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is found only in Tanzania, specifically in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro. The gemstone forms under extreme geological conditions, including high pressure and temperature. These conditions are unique to Tanzania, making tanzanite one of the rarest gemstones in the world. The stone is formed from a mineral called zoisite, which undergoes a process called "trigonal cleavage" to create the distinct blue and purple colors that tanzanite is known for.
The rarity of tanzanite is further enhanced by the limited mining areas and the fact that the gemstone is not found anywhere else in the world. This exclusivity has made tanzanite a highly sought-after gemstone, especially in the jewelry industry.
Turquoise
Turquoise is formed through a process of weathering in arid environments, where copper-rich rocks are exposed to water and acidic conditions. The stone is typically found in desert regions and is often associated with sedimentary rock formations. The primary sources of turquoise include the United States (especially Nevada and Arizona), China, Iran, and Egypt.
The formation of turquoise is influenced by the presence of copper and aluminum, as well as the amount of water in the rock. This explains the variation in color and texture seen in different turquoise specimens. The presence of impurities such as iron and organic matter can also affect the color and matrix patterns in turquoise.
Ruby
Ruby is a variety of corundum and is found in a variety of locations around the world, including Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and Madagascar. The most highly prized rubies come from Myanmar, where the gemstone has been mined for centuries. These rubies are known for their deep red color and exceptional clarity.
Ruby forms under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, typically in metamorphic rocks. The presence of chromium in the corundum structure gives ruby its characteristic red color. The more chromium present, the deeper and richer the red color of the ruby. Rubies with a high chromium content and excellent clarity are the most valuable and are often referred to as "pigeon's blood" rubies.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones. This means that it is more susceptible to scratches and requires careful handling. Tanzanite is also trichroic, meaning it can display three different colors depending on the angle of light. The most common colors seen in tanzanite are blue, purple, and brown.
The stone has a refractive index of 1.694 to 1.704 and a specific gravity of 3.10 to 3.38. Tanzanite is often heat-treated to enhance its color and improve clarity. This treatment is common in the industry and is considered stable, meaning the color will not fade over time.
Turquoise
Turquoise has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, which makes it a relatively soft gemstone. This softness means that turquoise is more prone to scratches and requires special care when worn in jewelry. The stone is also porous and can absorb oils and chemicals, which can affect its color and appearance over time.
Turquoise has a refractive index of 1.61 to 1.65 and a specific gravity of 2.76 to 2.85. The stone is often treated to enhance its color and durability. Treatments can include stabilizing with resins or dyes to improve the color and reduce porosity. These treatments can affect the value of the stone, as untreated turquoise is considered more valuable.
Ruby
Ruby is one of the hardest gemstones, with a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale. This makes it highly durable and suitable for everyday wear. Ruby has a refractive index of 1.76 to 1.78 and a specific gravity of 4.00 to 4.10. The gemstone is also known for its strong pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles.
Ruby is typically found in a range of red colors, from a deep, intense red to a lighter, more orangey red. The most valuable rubies are those with a deep red color and excellent clarity. The presence of inclusions is common in ruby, and some inclusions are even considered desirable as they can indicate the origin of the stone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is believed to have several metaphysical properties, including enhancing intuition, emotional healing, and spiritual awareness. It is often used in meditation to promote inner peace and to help with emotional balance. Tanzanite is also associated with the throat and third eye chakras, making it a popular choice for those seeking to improve communication and enhance their psychic abilities.
In terms of symbolism, tanzanite is seen as a stone of transformation and change. It is believed to help individuals let go of the past and embrace new beginnings. Tanzanite is also associated with love and compassion, making it a popular choice for couples and those seeking to deepen their relationships.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, healing, and wisdom. It is believed to protect the wearer from negative energies and to promote emotional stability. Turquoise is also associated with the throat chakra and is believed to enhance communication and self-expression.
In many cultures, turquoise is considered a stone of good fortune and is used in amulets and talismans to bring luck and prosperity. The stone is also believed to have healing properties, particularly for the throat, lungs, and skin. Turquoise is often used in traditional medicine to treat ailments related to these areas.
Ruby
Ruby is one of the most powerful and symbolic gemstones in the world. It is believed to promote courage, passion, and vitality. Ruby is associated with the heart and solar plexus chakras and is believed to enhance one's energy and confidence. It is often used in meditation to boost motivation and to enhance one's sense of purpose.
Ruby is also associated with love and is considered a powerful stone for attracting and maintaining romantic relationships. It is believed to enhance passion and to help couples deepen their emotional connection. Ruby is also associated with the sun and is believed to bring warmth, energy, and positivity into the life of the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Tanzanite
Due to its relative softness and trichroic nature, tanzanite requires careful handling and storage. It should be kept away from harsh chemicals and high temperatures, as these can affect the stone's color and stability. Tanzanite should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches and damage.
To clean tanzanite, use a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Tanzanite should be dried with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent streaks and water spots.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a porous stone and is more sensitive to chemicals and heat than other gemstones. It should be stored in a cool, dry place and kept away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Turquoise should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
To clean turquoise, use a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the stone. Turquoise should be dried with a soft, lint-free cloth to prevent streaks and water spots. It is also a good idea to avoid wearing turquoise in water or while applying lotions and perfumes, as these can affect the stone's color and appearance.
Ruby
Ruby is one of the hardest gemstones and is relatively easy to care for. It can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Ruby can also be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these are safe for the stone. However, it is important to note that rubies with inclusions or fractures should not be cleaned with these methods, as they can cause damage.
Ruby should be stored in a cool, dry place and kept away from direct sunlight and heat sources. It should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. Ruby is a durable gemstone and is suitable for everyday wear, making it a popular choice for rings and other jewelry.
Conclusion
December and July birthstones, including tanzanite, turquoise, and ruby, are among the most beautiful and historically significant gemstones in the world. Each of these stones has its own unique properties, history, and symbolism, making them highly valued in the world of jewelry. Tanzanite is a rare and vibrant gemstone that is associated with transformation and emotional healing. Turquoise has been cherished for thousands of years and is believed to have protective and healing properties. Ruby, with its deep red color and fiery brilliance, has long been a symbol of power, passion, and vitality.
When choosing a birthstone ring, it is important to consider the gemstone's durability, care requirements, and personal significance. Tanzanite and turquoise are more delicate and require careful handling, while ruby is a durable gemstone that is suitable for everyday wear. By understanding the properties and care of these stones, collectors and jewelry buyers can make informed decisions and appreciate these gemstones to their fullest.
Whether you are looking for a December or July birthstone ring, these gemstones offer a rich history, stunning beauty, and enduring value. They are not just beautiful stones but also powerful symbols of personal meaning and cultural significance. With proper care and appreciation, these gemstones can be cherished for generations, passing on their beauty and history to future generations.