For those born on December 22nd, the birthstone tradition offers a unique connection through the selection of three distinct yet equally captivating gemstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. These stones, all associated with the color blue, share a rich tapestry of history, symbolic meaning, and gemological significance that has endured across cultures and centuries. Each of these December birthstones represents a unique facet of December’s identity—its traditions, its beauty, and its promise. This article delves into the geological formation, historical significance, cultural symbolism, and practical considerations for caring for these gemstones, offering a comprehensive guide for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
Introduction
December is a month of transition, marked by the end of the year and the anticipation of new beginnings. In the world of birthstones, it is represented by three distinct gems—Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon—each with its own story. While Turquoise has been revered since ancient times, Tanzanite is a relatively modern discovery, and Zircon has long been admired for its brilliance. All three share a common color theme—blue—symbolizing serenity, wisdom, and success. For those born on December 22nd, these stones are believed to enhance personal qualities such as emotional stability, healing, and a spirit of adventure.
This article explores the unique characteristics of each December birthstone, drawing on historical accounts, gemological properties, and cultural lore. Whether you are considering a December birthstone for personal wear, as a gift, or for academic interest, this guide provides the essential knowledge to appreciate the beauty and meaning behind these remarkable gems.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones spans thousands of years and multiple civilizations. Turquoise, the most ancient of the three, has been used in jewelry and amulets since at least 3000 BCE. It was highly prized in ancient Egypt, where it was believed to bring protection and good fortune. Pharaohs and high-ranking officials adorned themselves with turquoise jewelry, often inlaid in gold and lapis lazuli. The name itself is derived from the French pierre turquoise, meaning “Turkish stone,” referring to its early trade route through Turkey to Europe.
In China, turquoise was carved into pendants and ornaments as early as 2000 BCE. It was considered a sacred stone, associated with spiritual communication and divine protection. The Mongol and Tibetan traditions also revered turquoise, often embedding it in jewelry and ceremonial objects for its supposed power to ward off evil and promote longevity.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery. Found in Tanzania in the early 1960s, it was named for its country of origin. The gem was first introduced to the global market in the early 1970s and quickly gained popularity due to its striking violet-blue color and strong pleochroism, which allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and emotional healing, making it a powerful symbol for those seeking balance and clarity.
Zircon, particularly Blue Zircon, has been used in jewelry for over 2000 years. Unlike Tanzanite and Turquoise, Zircon is available in a wide range of colors, including red, yellow, and brown. However, the blue variety is the most popular and is considered the December birthstone. Blue Zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, similar to diamonds, and has been used in royal crowns and fine jewelry across various cultures. It is also believed to promote vitality and positive energy, making it a fitting choice for those seeking motivation and strength.
Together, these three gemstones form a powerful trio that reflects the diverse cultural and historical legacy of December. Whether as symbols of protection, transformation, or vitality, they continue to be cherished for their beauty and significance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of these December birthstones provides insight into their rarity, appearance, and value. Each gem is formed under unique conditions and is found in specific regions around the world.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula Al₂(OH)₃PO₄. It forms in the oxidized zones of copper deposits, typically in arid regions where groundwater rich in copper percolates through the rock. Over time, this water reacts with minerals such as aluminum-rich clay and phosphates, creating the characteristic blue and green hues of turquoise. The presence of iron or other impurities can also influence its coloration, resulting in greenish or yellowish tones.
The matrix, or the surrounding rock material that often appears as dark lines or veins within the turquoise, is a natural feature of the stone and is not considered a flaw. In fact, the matrix is often admired for its uniqueness and can add to the gem’s character and value.
The primary sources of turquoise include:
- Iran (historically known as Persia) – The original source of turquoise in the ancient world.
- Egypt – Turquoise was mined in the Sinai Peninsula, where it was used in jewelry and amulets by ancient Egyptians.
- China – Turquoise has been mined for thousands of years in the Xinjiang region.
- United States – The most well-known American source is Arizona, particularly in the Cerrillos Hills and Nevada.
- Afghanistan – A modern source known for producing high-quality turquoise.
Turquoise is typically opaque to semi-translucent and is often treated with wax or resin to enhance its color and luster. It is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it more susceptible to scratches and damage from heat or chemicals.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, with the chemical formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH)₁. It is a relatively new gemstone, first discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s. The gem is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, making it one of the world’s most unique and geographically limited gemstones.
Tanzanite forms in metamorphic rock under high pressure and temperature conditions. The blue and violet hues are caused by trivalent iron (Fe³⁺) and are enhanced by heat treatment, which is a standard practice in the gem industry. Tanzanite exhibits strong pleochroism, meaning it shows different colors—blue, violet, and brown—depending on the angle of view. This property makes it highly desirable for jewelry, as it allows for a dynamic display of color.
Tanzanite has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7, which is relatively durable for a gemstone. However, it is sensitive to heat and light exposure, which can cause fading over time. It is also vulnerable to acidic substances, so it should be cleaned carefully.
Blue Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is found in a wide range of colors, including blue, yellow, red, and brown. The blue variety, known as Blue Zircon, is the most popular for jewelry and is considered the December birthstone. Unlike Tanzanite and Turquoise, Zircon is not limited to one geographic region and is found in several countries.
The blue color in Zircon is achieved through heat treatment or irradiation, which alters the crystal structure and enhances its color. Natural blue Zircon is rare, so most of the blue Zircon used in jewelry is treated. Despite this, it remains a popular and affordable gemstone due to its brilliance and fire, which are similar to those of a diamond.
Zircon is found in the following regions:
- Australia – A major source of high-quality Zircon.
- India – Known for its large Zircon deposits.
- Vietnam – Produces significant quantities of Zircon.
- Brazil – A growing source of Zircon, particularly for the jewelry industry.
- United States – Zircon is found in several states, including California and New Mexico.
Blue Zircon has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, making it relatively durable. It is also stable under normal conditions and is not easily damaged by light or heat. However, it can be affected by strong acids and alkalis, so it should be cleaned with care.
Summary Table: December Birthstones and Their Properties
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Primary Source(s) | Color Range | Special Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Al₂(OH)₃PO₄ | 5–6 | Iran, Egypt, USA, China, Afghanistan | Blue, green, blue-green | Matrix patterns, often treated with wax |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH)₁ | 6–7 | Tanzania (Merelani Hills) | Blue, violet, brown | Strong pleochroism, heat-treated |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5–7.5 | Australia, India, Vietnam, Brazil, USA | Blue, yellow, red, brown | Brilliance, fire, color treated |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The December birthstones are not only admired for their beauty but also cherished for their symbolic and metaphysical properties. Across cultures and time periods, these gemstones have been associated with specific meanings and energies, making them powerful tools for personal and spiritual growth.
Turquoise: The Stone of Protection and Wisdom
Turquoise has long been regarded as a protective stone, believed to shield the wearer from harm and negative influences. In ancient Egypt, it was used in amulets and placed in tombs to ensure safe passage into the afterlife. The Aztecs and Native American tribes also valued turquoise for its protective properties, often embedding it in jewelry and ceremonial objects.
In Hindu tradition, it was believed that seeing turquoise after the new moon would bring good fortune and wealth. This belief highlights the gem’s association with positive energy and prosperity. In Tibetan and Chinese cultures, turquoise was considered a stone of spiritual connection, used in meditation and as a conduit for divine wisdom.
Modern metaphysical beliefs also recognize Turquoise as a stone of emotional stability and healing. It is said to promote inner peace, calmness, and balance, making it an ideal stone for those seeking emotional healing or a sense of serenity. In New Age practices, Turquoise is often used to enhance communication and self-expression, encouraging open and honest dialogue.
Tanzanite: The Stone of Transformation and Intuition
Tanzanite is often referred to as a stone of transformation, associated with emotional healing, spiritual awakening, and personal growth. Its pleochroic nature, displaying different colors when viewed from different angles, is seen as a metaphor for the multifaceted nature of the self. It is believed to help individuals release emotional blockages and embrace change.
In spiritual practices, Tanzanite is used to enhance intuition and psychic abilities. It is considered a stone of the third eye chakra, which governs insight, vision, and inner wisdom. By stimulating this chakra, Tanzanite is thought to expand consciousness and promote a deeper understanding of oneself and the world.
Tanzanite is also associated with emotional balance and compassion. It is believed to help individuals process grief, overcome fears, and cultivate a sense of empathy and understanding. In New Age and crystal healing, it is often used to facilitate emotional release and personal transformation, making it a powerful tool for those undergoing significant life changes.
Blue Zircon: The Stone of Vitality and Clarity
Blue Zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, and in metaphysical traditions, it is associated with vitality, energy, and clarity. It is believed to enhance focus, motivation, and mental sharpness, making it an ideal stone for those seeking to improve their productivity or decision-making abilities.
In Ancient Egypt, Zircon was used in royal crowns and amulets, symbolizing strength, power, and divine protection. In Tibetan and Hindu traditions, it was used in ceremonial practices to invoke divine energy and promote spiritual clarity.
Modern metaphysical beliefs also regard Blue Zircon as a stone of positive energy and optimism. It is said to boost confidence, inspire action, and encourage a sense of adventure. It is particularly beneficial for those who may feel stuck or stagnant, as it is believed to stimulate movement, change, and progress.
Additionally, Blue Zircon is associated with emotional healing and the release of negative patterns. It is believed to help individuals let go of past traumas and move forward with a renewed sense of purpose and direction. In New Age practices, it is often used to balance the chakras and promote overall well-being.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Each gemstone has specific requirements based on its hardness, chemical sensitivity, and susceptibility to damage.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it more prone to scratches and abrasions. It is also porous and sensitive to acidic substances, so it should be handled with care.
Cleaning:
To clean Turquoise, use mild soap and warm water with a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as they can cause damage or discoloration. If the gem has a wax or resin coating, it may dull over time and can be re-polished by a professional jeweler.
Storage:
Store Turquoise in a soft cloth or padded jewelry box to prevent scratches and abrasions. Avoid exposure to heat, light, or acidic environments, as these can cause fading or damage.
Avoid:
- Acidic substances (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar)
- Strong detergents or solvents
- High humidity or prolonged exposure to sunlight
Tanzanite
Tanzanite has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7, which makes it relatively durable, but it is still sensitive to heat and light exposure. Prolonged exposure to sunlight or high temperatures can cause the gem to fade or lose its color intensity.
Cleaning:
To clean Tanzanite, use mild soap and warm water with a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they can cause thermal shock or structural damage.
Storage:
Store Tanzanite in a cool, dark place, such as a jewelry box or padded compartment, to prevent exposure to light and heat. Avoid storing it with harder gemstones, as it can scratch more easily.
Avoid:
- Acidic or alkaline substances
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight or heat
- Harder gemstones or rough surfaces
Blue Zircon
Blue Zircon has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, making it relatively durable and resistant to scratches and abrasions. It is also stable under normal conditions and is not easily damaged by light or heat.
Cleaning:
To clean Blue Zircon, use mild soap and warm water with a soft cloth or soft-bristled brush. It is generally safe to use ultrasonic or steam cleaners, but it is best to consult with a professional jeweler if you are unsure.
Storage:
Store Blue Zircon in a padded jewelry box or soft cloth pouch to prevent scratches or damage. Avoid exposure to strong acids or alkalis, as these can affect the gemstone’s stability.
Avoid:
- Strong acids or alkalis
- Excessive heat or light exposure (not as sensitive as Tanzanite or Turquoise)
- Physical impacts or rough handling
Conclusion
The December 22nd birthstone—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon—represents a unique and powerful combination of historical significance, gemological beauty, and symbolic meaning. Each of these gemstones has its own story, from the ancient reverence for Turquoise in Egypt and China to the modern discovery of Tanzanite in Tanzania and the timeless appeal of Blue Zircon in royal and ceremonial settings.
Together, these stones reflect the spirit of December—a time of transformation, reflection, and new beginnings. Whether worn for personal empowerment, emotional healing, or spiritual connection, these December birthstones continue to be cherished for their beauty, meaning, and enduring legacy.
For those born on December 22nd, or for anyone seeking a meaningful gemstone, these three stones offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. With proper care and appreciation, they can be worn and passed down as symbols of success, serenity, and strength.