September's Regal Gems: The History, Properties, and Lore of Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli

September, a month of transition from the warmth of summer to the crispness of autumn, is rich in symbolism and tradition. Among its most cherished associations is its connection with gemstones. People born in September are represented by two primary birthstones: Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli. These stones, steeped in history and meaning, offer a window into the cultural, spiritual, and scientific significance of gemology.

This article explores the unique qualities of Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli, the primary and alternative birthstones for September. We will delve into their historical and cultural symbolism, geological properties, and the reasons they remain beloved in jewelry and spiritual practices today.

Introduction

The September birthstone tradition includes two notable gems: Sapphire, the official birthstone, and Lapis Lazuli, its alternative counterpart. Both stones share a deep blue hue and a storied past that spans millennia. While Sapphire is the most widely recognized of the two, Lapis Lazuli has a rich history of its own, particularly in ancient civilizations.

This article will explore the following themes: - The historical and spiritual significance of Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli - Their geological properties and sources - The metaphysical and symbolic meanings attributed to them - Practical care and maintenance tips for these precious stones

By examining these aspects, we gain a deeper appreciation for why these stones have remained treasured in jewelry and spiritual practices for centuries.

History and Lore

Sapphire: A Gem of Royalty and Divinity

Sapphire has long been associated with royalty and divine wisdom. Its name is derived from the Greek word sappheiros, meaning "blue" or "precious stone." In ancient times, sapphires were believed to be sacred gems, used in religious and royal contexts.

In the 13th century, Pope Innocent III permitted the use of sapphire in episcopal rings, signifying its importance in ecclesiastical life. The stone was also thought to protect against captivity, bring peaceful thoughts to enemies, and secure the favor of those in positions of power and authority. These beliefs contributed to its widespread use in crowns, scepters, and other regal insignia.

Sapphire's association with the divine continued in medieval Europe, where it was considered a stone of truth and spiritual clarity. During this time, sapphires were often used in religious artifacts, including rings and pendants, and were believed to help preserve the wearer's secrets and enhance their spiritual insight.

The stone also held a prominent place in mythology. In Greek mythology, sapphire was associated with the gods Zeus and Apollo. In medieval lore, it was believed that sapphires could help one foresee the future and were used in divination practices.

Lapis Lazuli: The Stone of Wisdom and Clarity

Lapis Lazuli, the alternative birthstone for September, has a history that is just as rich and compelling as that of Sapphire. This deep blue gemstone was highly valued in ancient Egypt, where it was used to adorn the sarcophagus of Pharaoh Tutankhamun and to create pigments for cosmetics and jewelry.

Lapis Lazuli was also a favorite of Russian royalty, including Empress Catherine the Great, who used it to decorate the interiors of her palace. The stone was considered a symbol of wisdom, clarity, and truth. In ancient times, it was believed to have the power to open the throat and third eye chakras, enhancing communication and spiritual perception.

The gemstone was also used in medieval Europe, where it was thought to promote mental clarity and self-mastery. It was often worn by scholars, writers, and spiritual leaders, who believed it could enhance intellectual and spiritual pursuits.

Symbolism in Different Cultures

Both Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli have been associated with wisdom, truth, and spiritual insight across various cultures. In ancient Chinese philosophy, sapphire was believed to bring protection and harmony, while Lapis Lazuli was associated with the heavens and was used in rituals to connect with the divine.

In Tibetan and Indian traditions, Lapis Lazuli was considered a sacred stone, often used in meditation and spiritual practices. It was believed to help one achieve a deeper connection with the universe and to enhance one's intuition and insight.

Geological Formation and Sources

Sapphire: The Corundum Gem

Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Its characteristic blue color is due to trace amounts of titanium and iron within the crystal structure. However, corundum can occur in a wide range of colors when different trace elements are present. When the gemstone is red, it is classified as a ruby, which contains chromium as the primary coloring element.

Sapphires are formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's crust. They are often found in metamorphic rocks, such as gneiss and marble, as well as in igneous rocks, such as basalt and granite. The presence of impurities in the surrounding rock influences the color and clarity of the final gemstone.

Major sources of sapphire include: - Sri Lanka (Ceylon), known for producing high-quality blue sapphires - Burmah (Myanmar), which is famous for its "pigeon's blood" sapphires - Madagascar, a significant modern source of sapphire - Australia, known for producing sapphires in a variety of colors - Thailand, where sapphires are often heat-treated to enhance their color

Sapphires are typically found in alluvial deposits, where they have been eroded from their original rock formations and transported by water. These deposits are often mined using traditional methods, such as panning and sluicing, or more modern techniques, such as mechanical excavators.

Lapis Lazuli: A Metamorphic Marvel

Lapis Lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, a deep blue mineral. It also contains other minerals, such as calcite (which appears white or milky) and pyrite (which gives it a golden sparkle). The presence of these minerals can affect the appearance and value of the stone.

Lapis Lazuli is formed when limestone is subjected to high heat and pressure over long periods, causing the minerals within it to recrystallize. The process results in a dense, fine-grained rock with a beautiful, consistent color.

The most famous source of high-quality lapis lazuli is Afghanistan, where it has been mined for thousands of years. Other notable sources include Russia, Egypt, and Chile.

Lapis Lazuli is often found in metamorphic belts, where limestone has been transformed by tectonic activity. The stone is typically mined in open-pit or underground operations, and it is often cut into cabochons or used as inlay in jewelry and decorative objects.

Gemological Properties

Sapphire: A Durable and Versatile Gem

Sapphire is one of the hardest gemstones, with a Mohs hardness of 9, making it second only to diamond in terms of durability. This hardness makes it an excellent choice for everyday wear, especially in rings and bracelets.

The refractive index of sapphire ranges from 1.76 to 1.78, and its specific gravity is approximately 4.00. These properties affect how light is refracted and absorbed by the stone, contributing to its brilliance and color saturation.

Sapphires are typically cut in a brilliant or emerald style, depending on their shape and intended use. The most popular shape is the round brilliant cut, which maximizes the stone's fire and sparkle. However, sapphires can also be found in oval, cushion, and pear cuts, each of which highlights the stone's unique qualities.

Sapphires are available in a wide range of colors, including blue, pink, yellow, green, and even black. The most prized color is a deep, rich blue known as "pigeon's blood," which is highly sought after in the jewelry trade.

Lapis Lazuli: A Stone of Depth and Luster

Lapis Lazuli, while not as hard as sapphire, is still a durable gemstone with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6. It has a specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.9, and its refractive index ranges from 1.60 to 1.68. These properties give it a unique luster and depth of color.

Lapis Lazuli is typically cut into cabochons, which are smooth, rounded stones without facets. This cut enhances the stone's natural color and luster and is ideal for use in pendants, earrings, and bracelets. It is also commonly used as an inlay in jewelry and decorative objects, where its deep blue color adds a striking contrast.

The presence of calcite and pyrite in lapis lazuli can affect its appearance. Stones with a high concentration of pyrite are considered more valuable and are often referred to as "golden lapis." These stones have a beautiful golden sparkle that enhances their visual appeal.

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Sapphire: The Stone of Truth and Nobility

Sapphire has long been associated with truth, sincerity, and nobility. In ancient times, it was believed to protect the wearer from harm and bring peace of mind. It was also thought to enhance one's wisdom and spiritual insight, making it a popular choice for scholars and spiritual leaders.

In medieval Europe, sapphires were used in engagement rings and wedding bands, symbolizing love, loyalty, and faithfulness. The stone was also associated with royalty and high society, and it was often used in crowns and other regal insignia.

Modern metaphysical beliefs continue to attribute powerful properties to sapphire. It is said to promote mental clarity, emotional stability, and spiritual awareness. It is also believed to help one connect with the divine and enhance one's intuition and insight.

Lapis Lazuli: The Stone of Wisdom and Transformation

Lapis Lazuli is considered a stone of wisdom, transformation, and spiritual awakening. In ancient times, it was used in rituals to connect with the divine and to enhance one's intuition and insight. It was also believed to help one see beyond the physical realm and access higher levels of consciousness.

The stone is associated with the throat and third eye chakras, which are believed to govern communication and spiritual perception. Wearing lapis lazuli is thought to enhance one's ability to express thoughts and emotions clearly and to connect with others on a deeper level.

Modern metaphysical beliefs also attribute powerful properties to lapis lazuli. It is said to promote mental clarity, emotional balance, and spiritual growth. It is also believed to help one overcome fear and anxiety and to find a sense of peace and harmony.

Care and Cleaning

Caring for Sapphire

Sapphire is a durable gemstone that can withstand normal wear and tear. However, to keep it looking its best, it is important to follow proper care and cleaning guidelines.

Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, as they can damage the stone's surface.
Clean the gemstone with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water, using a mild detergent.
Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can cause damage to the stone.
Store sapphire jewelry separately, to prevent scratches and abrasions.

With proper care, sapphire can retain its brilliance and beauty for a lifetime.

Caring for Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli is a softer gemstone and requires more delicate care. It is sensitive to heat, chemicals, and abrasives, so it is important to handle it with care.

Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, as they can damage the stone's surface.
Clean the gemstone with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water, using a mild detergent.
Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can cause damage to the stone.
Store lapis lazuli jewelry separately, to prevent scratches and abrasions.

With proper care, lapis lazuli can retain its luster and beauty for many years.

Conclusion

September's birthstones, Sapphire and Lapis Lazuli, are more than just beautiful gems—they are symbols of wisdom, truth, and spiritual insight. From their ancient origins in royal courts and religious artifacts to their modern use in jewelry and spiritual practices, these stones have played a significant role in human history.

Sapphire, with its deep blue brilliance and high durability, is a gemstone of royalty and nobility. It is associated with truth, sincerity, and spiritual awareness, making it a timeless symbol of loyalty and faithfulness.

Lapis Lazuli, with its rich blue color and golden flecks, is a stone of wisdom and transformation. It is believed to enhance communication, intuition, and spiritual insight, making it a powerful tool for personal and spiritual growth.

Together, these stones represent the richness of September's symbolism and the enduring appeal of gemstones in human culture. Whether worn as jewelry or used in meditation, they continue to inspire and captivate those who seek their beauty and meaning.