July, the month of summer’s peak in the northern hemisphere, is named after Julius Caesar, who was born in this month. Originally known as Quintilis, the fifth month in the ancient Roman calendar, it was renamed in his honor in 45 BCE. This month not only marks significant historical and cultural events but also carries the rich legacy of two of the most revered and powerful gemstones: Ruby and Onyx. These stones have captivated civilizations for centuries, serving as symbols of nobility, protection, and strength.
While Ruby is the widely recognized and modern birthstone for July, Onyx retains its status as an alternative and historically significant gemstone for the same month. This duality reflects the dynamic nature of birthstone traditions, which have evolved over time to include both rare and accessible stones, as well as those that align with different zodiac signs.
In this article, we explore the origins, properties, and symbolism of Ruby and Onyx as July’s birthstones. We delve into their geological composition, cultural significance, and practical care tips to provide a comprehensive guide for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and gemology students alike.
A Historical Perspective on July Birthstones
The tradition of birthstones is ancient, with roots in the biblical Breastplate of Aaron, which featured twelve gemstones representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones were linked to the twelve months of the year and later to zodiac signs. By the early 20th century, jewelers and historians began to formalize the list of birthstones, and by the 1950s, the modern list was standardized by the Jewelers of America.
For July, the modern birthstone is Ruby, while Onyx remains a traditional and alternative birthstone. Some sources also mention Carnelian, Sardonyx, Sapphire, and even Emerald as historical or alternative July birthstones. However, the most consistent and widely accepted are Ruby and Onyx.
The inclusion of multiple stones for a single month highlights the rich diversity of gemstone traditions and the importance of accessibility. For instance, while Ruby is rare and highly valued, Onyx is more common and has been used for centuries in jewelry and amulets.
The shift from traditional to modern birthstones was driven by availability and the desire to standardize the list. In 1912, the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) officially designated Ruby as the primary July birthstone in the United States. Despite this, Onyx has retained its place in the lore and continues to be valued for its protective and grounding qualities.
Ruby: The King of Gems
Origins and Historical Significance
Ruby, known as the “king of gems,” has been treasured since ancient times. Its name comes from the Latin ruber, meaning “red,” a color long associated with passion, vitality, and power. In ancient India, ruby was called the ratnaraj or “king of precious stones” due to its rarity, hardness (second only to diamond), and beauty. It was believed to possess mystical powers and was often worn by royalty and warriors.
Burmese warriors of the 18th century believed that wearing a ruby would make them invincible in battle. In medieval Europe, rubies were thought to bestow health, wisdom, and success in love. They were also believed to predict misfortune or danger, a belief that contributed to their use as protective talismans.
In the Hindu tradition, ruby is not a July birthstone but is instead associated with the sun and the zodiac sign Leo, which overlaps with part of July. According to Hindu astrology, ruby is said to enhance courage, vitality, and leadership. It is also used in rituals to invoke the blessings of the sun god.
Geological Formation and Sources
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, which is composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes ruby from other corundum varieties, such as sapphire, is the presence of trace amounts of chromium, which gives it its characteristic red color. The finest rubies exhibit a deep red with a slight purplish hue, known in the trade as pigeon’s blood.
The most famous ruby deposits are found in Myanmar (Burma), where the gem has been mined for centuries. Other notable sources include Madagascar, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Tanzania. The quality and value of a ruby depend on factors such as color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. High-quality rubies are extremely rare, making them some of the most valuable gemstones in the world.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Properties
Ruby has long been associated with the heart and base chakras, making it a powerful stone for vitality, passion, and grounding. In traditional gemstone lore, it is believed to stimulate energy, increase self-confidence, and promote emotional warmth.
Modern metaphysical beliefs attribute ruby with the ability to awaken the heart, enhance courage, and bring about a sense of vitality and strength. It is often used in meditation to bring clarity and passion to one’s spiritual journey.
Ruby is also associated with love and romance. It is a traditional gift for the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring love and commitment.
Onyx: The Stone of Strength and Protection
Historical Significance and Cultural Lore
Onyx, a form of chalcedony, has been used as a birthstone for July since the 15th century and was officially recognized in European traditions long before the modern list was standardized. It was particularly popular in Roman and Greek cultures, where it was believed to offer protection in battle. Warriors would carve images of Mars, the god of war, or Hercules onto sardonyx stones and carry them into combat for protection and strength.
In Jewish tradition, onyx was one of the twelve stones in the high priest’s breastplate, representing the tribe of Naphtali. It was believed to provide clarity of thought and protection from negative influences.
Onyx is also associated with the zodiac sign Leo, which spans part of July. This connection reinforces its symbolic importance for those born in the latter half of the month.
Geological Composition and Sources
Onyx is a form of microcrystalline quartz, a member of the chalcedony family. It is characterized by its banded appearance, typically in black and white or red and white bands, though other colors can occur. The most common form is black onyx, which is highly prized for its deep, dramatic color and smooth texture.
Onyx is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, India, China, and the United States. Brazil is the largest producer of onyx today, with significant deposits in the state of Bahia. Onyx is relatively soft compared to ruby, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it more susceptible to scratches and damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Properties
Onyx is considered a grounding stone, known for its ability to absorb negative energy and promote emotional stability. It is believed to help individuals overcome emotional trauma, reduce anxiety, and foster a sense of calm and confidence.
In modern metaphysical practices, onyx is often used to protect against negative influences, promote self-control, and enhance personal power. It is also associated with the sacral and root chakras, helping to balance energy and restore vitality.
Onyx is a popular choice for those seeking to build resilience and strength. It is often used in meditation to help individuals stay focused and centered, making it an ideal stone for those who struggle with emotional instability or self-doubt.
Comparing Ruby and Onyx as July Birthstones
| Feature | Ruby | Onyx |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs scale) | 9 | 6.5–7 |
| Color | Deep red (with pigeon’s blood being the most valuable) | Black, white, red, or banded |
| Composition | Corundum (Al₂O₃) with chromium | Chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz) |
| Origin | Myanmar, Madagascar, Thailand, Afghanistan | Brazil, India, China, USA |
| Symbolism | Passion, vitality, protection, love | Strength, grounding, protection, emotional stability |
| Metaphysical Properties | Stimulates energy, enhances courage, promotes vitality | Grounds energy, absorbs negativity, enhances focus |
| Zodiac Association | Leo (part of July) | Leo (part of July) |
| Traditional vs. Modern | Modern and traditional | Traditional and alternative |
While Ruby is harder and more valuable, Onyx is more accessible and has a long-standing history of use in jewelry and amulets. Both stones are deeply symbolic and continue to be cherished by those born in July.
Caring for Ruby and Onyx
Ruby Care Tips
- Cleaning: Clean ruby with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the gemstone or surrounding metal.
- Storage: Store ruby separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches, especially when stored with softer stones like emerald or pearl.
- Avoid Exposure: Avoid exposing ruby to extreme heat or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause thermal shock and damage the stone.
- Repair and Resizing: Due to its hardness, ruby is suitable for most jewelry repairs and resizing. However, always consult a professional jeweler for any alterations.
Onyx Care Tips
- Cleaning: Clean onyx with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or steam cleaners, as onyx is porous and can absorb chemicals.
- Storage: Store onyx in a soft pouch or lined jewelry box to prevent scratches. Avoid storing it with harder gemstones like ruby or sapphire.
- Avoid Exposure: Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or heat, as onyx can fade or lose its luster.
- Repair and Resizing: Onyx is softer than ruby and may require special care during resizing or repair. It is best to have any alterations done by a professional jeweler experienced with onyx.
Conclusion
The July birthstones, Ruby and Onyx, each carry a unique legacy of beauty, power, and symbolism. Ruby, with its fiery red hue and royal associations, has long been revered as a symbol of passion and vitality. Onyx, with its grounding energy and protective qualities, has been valued for its ability to bring strength and stability to the wearer.
These two gemstones reflect the rich diversity of July’s birthstone tradition, offering both rare and accessible options for those born in this month. Whether you choose the bold elegance of Ruby or the timeless strength of Onyx, each stone carries a deep connection to history, culture, and personal identity.
For those seeking to celebrate their July birthday with a meaningful gemstone, Ruby and Onyx offer a perfect combination of beauty, symbolism, and enduring value.