For those born on December 6th, the birthstone designation encompasses three distinct yet equally captivating gemstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. Each of these stones holds a unique place in the world of gemology, and collectively, they reflect the richness and diversity of December’s birthstone tradition. While these gemstones differ in their geological formation, historical significance, and aesthetic qualities, they are united in their symbolic associations with success, protection, and spiritual connection. This article delves into the properties, history, and cultural meanings of these three gemstones, offering a comprehensive guide to the December 6th birthstone.
Introduction
December, the final month of the year, is associated with five primary birthstones, according to various sources: tanzanite, turquoise, zircon, lapis lazuli, and blue topaz. However, for those born on December 6th specifically, the spotlight is shared by tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones are not only prized for their beauty but also for the deep meanings and traditions that surround them. Tanzanite, with its rich violet and blue hues, is a relatively modern discovery, while turquoise and zircon boast histories that span thousands of years. Together, they offer a unique blend of geological wonder, cultural significance, and metaphysical properties.
The following sections explore the geological and historical contexts of these gemstones, their symbolic meanings, and their place in modern jewelry and spiritual practices. Additionally, practical advice for caring for these stones is included, ensuring that they remain vibrant and beautiful for generations to come.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite, one of the most recent gemstones to be discovered, was first identified in the 1960s in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Unlike turquoise and zircon, which have ancient roots in human history, tanzanite is a modern marvel. Its discovery is attributed to Manuel d’Souza, a Tanzanian miner who found a unique violet-blue crystal and presented it to a Canadian geologist, who later identified it as a variety of the mineral zoisite. The gemstone was officially named tanzanite in honor of its country of origin.
Tanzanite is unique not only in its origin but also in its chemical composition and color variation. It is a type of zoisite that contains trace amounts of vanadium, which are responsible for its striking blue to violet hues. The gemstone is prized for its pleochroism—a property that allows it to display different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite is considered a relatively new entrant to the birthstone tradition and has quickly gained popularity due to its rarity and vibrant color.
Turquoise
Turquoise, on the other hand, is one of the oldest known gemstones, with a history that stretches back thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests that turquoise was used as early as 4000 BCE in the Near East, where it was highly valued for its vibrant blue color and perceived protective properties. Ancient Egyptian royalty, including Pharaoh Tutankhamun, adorned themselves with turquoise jewelry, believing it to bring divine protection and good fortune.
In many indigenous cultures, particularly in the Americas, turquoise is considered a sacred stone. Native American tribes such as the Navajo and Zuni use turquoise in their jewelry and ceremonial objects, associating it with healing, balance, and spiritual power. The stone’s blue-green color is often seen as a symbol of the sky and water, representing life and vitality.
Turquoise has also been used in various cultures as a protective talisman. In ancient Persia, it was believed to ward off the evil eye, while in China, it was associated with immortality and was used in imperial jade-like artifacts. Its historical use across different civilizations underscores its enduring appeal and symbolic significance.
Zircon
Zircon is another gemstone with a long and storied history. The name "zircon" comes from the Persian word "zargun," meaning "gold-colored," a reference to the yellow and gold hues of some zircon varieties. However, zircon can occur in a wide range of colors, including red, green, brown, and blue, with the blue variety being the most popular in jewelry today.
Zircon has been found in archaeological sites dating back to the Bronze Age, particularly in the Middle East and South Asia. It was highly valued in ancient times for its brilliance and fire, often mistaken for diamonds or other precious stones. Zircon was also used in early glassmaking and as a gemstone in medieval European jewelry.
One of the unique properties of zircon is its high refractive index and dispersion, which give it a brilliant, fiery appearance. This makes zircon a popular alternative to diamonds and other gemstones in jewelry. Additionally, zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals estimated to be over 4 billion years old, making it a geological relic of our planet’s early history.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate that forms in metamorphic rocks. The gemstone is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. This region is the only known source of tanzanite in the world, making the gemstone incredibly rare. The formation of tanzanite involves a complex geological process that includes the presence of vanadium and other trace elements, which contribute to its unique color.
Tanzanite is typically found in large, rough crystal form, and it is cut into various shapes, including cushion, oval, and emerald cuts, to enhance its color and brilliance. The gemstone is relatively soft compared to diamonds or rubies, with a hardness of around 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. This means that tanzanite requires careful handling and is more prone to scratching than harder gemstones.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and it forms in arid environments where copper deposits are exposed to the weathering effects of water and air. The gemstone is typically found in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits and is often associated with minerals such as quartz, calcite, and halite. Turquoise is known for its characteristic blue to green color, which is caused by the presence of copper.
The primary sources of turquoise today include the United States, particularly in the Southwestern states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada, as well as in Iran, China, and Egypt. The most prized turquoise is often described as "Persian turquoise," which is known for its deep blue color and lack of matrix. However, modern mining practices and the depletion of high-quality deposits have made fine turquoise increasingly rare.
Turquoise is typically found in nodular or massive form and is often cut into cabochons or beads for jewelry. It is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, which makes it susceptible to damage from abrasion and chemical exposure.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate that forms in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The gemstone is often found in alluvial deposits, where it is eroded from its primary source and transported by water. Zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which give it a brilliant, fiery appearance. The blue variety of zircon is the most popular in jewelry and is created through heat treatment.
Zircon is found in several countries, including Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Brazil, and Australia. The most notable zircon deposits are found in Sri Lanka, where the gemstone has been historically significant and used in ancient jewelry. Zircon is also found in the United States, particularly in the state of California, and in various parts of Africa and Southeast Asia.
Zircon is available in a wide range of colors, including yellow, red, green, brown, and blue. The blue zircon is the most popular in modern jewelry due to its bright, vibrant color and affordability. Zircon is relatively hard, with a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear, although it should still be handled with care to avoid damage.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate with the chemical formula Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃. It is known for its pleochroism, which means it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite typically exhibits a blue to violet color, with the most valuable specimens displaying a deep blue hue. The gemstone has a refractive index of 1.69 to 1.70 and a specific gravity of 3.1 to 3.4.
Tanzanite is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. This makes it susceptible to scratches and requires careful handling. Tanzanite is also sensitive to heat and light, which can cause it to fade or lose its color over time. As a result, it is important to store tanzanite in a dark, cool place and avoid exposing it to direct sunlight or high temperatures.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper with the chemical formula Al₂(OH)₃PO₄·H₂O. It is known for its characteristic blue to green color, which is caused by the presence of copper. Turquoise has a refractive index of 1.61 to 1.65 and a specific gravity of 2.6 to 2.8.
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. It is also sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals, which can cause it to lose its color or become brittle. Turquoise is often stabilized with resins or waxes to enhance its durability and luster. This process helps protect the gemstone from damage and makes it suitable for use in jewelry.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which give it a brilliant, fiery appearance. Zircon is available in a wide range of colors, including yellow, red, green, brown, and blue. The blue variety is the most popular in jewelry and is created through heat treatment.
Zircon has a refractive index of 1.92 to 2.00 and a specific gravity of 4.6 to 4.7. It is relatively hard, with a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. However, zircon is still susceptible to damage from abrasion and chemical exposure, so it should be handled with care.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to enhance one's ability to connect with the spiritual realm and to promote inner peace and emotional healing. Tanzanite is also associated with the throat and third eye chakras, making it a popular stone for meditation and healing practices.
In addition to its spiritual properties, tanzanite is believed to bring success and abundance. It is often used in jewelry and other decorative objects as a symbol of good fortune and prosperity. The gemstone is also associated with love and compassion, making it a meaningful gift for those seeking emotional connection and understanding.
Turquoise
Turquoise is one of the most ancient and revered gemstones, with a long history of use in various cultures. It is often associated with protection, healing, and balance. In many indigenous cultures, turquoise is considered a sacred stone that connects the earth and the sky. It is believed to promote spiritual growth, emotional stability, and physical healing.
Turquoise is also associated with communication and self-expression. It is believed to enhance one's ability to speak their truth and to express themselves with confidence and clarity. The gemstone is often used in jewelry and other decorative objects to promote these qualities and to provide a sense of grounding and protection.
Zircon
Zircon is known for its brilliance and fire, and it is often associated with clarity, wisdom, and spiritual insight. It is believed to enhance one's ability to see the bigger picture and to make wise decisions. Zircon is also associated with the heart and throat chakras, making it a popular stone for emotional healing and communication.
Zircon is also believed to bring good fortune and prosperity. It is often used in jewelry and other decorative objects as a symbol of abundance and success. The gemstone is also associated with the sun and is believed to promote energy, vitality, and positivity.
Care and Cleaning
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. This means that it is susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Tanzanite is also sensitive to heat and light, which can cause it to fade or lose its color over time.
To clean tanzanite, it is best to use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. It is also important to store tanzanite in a dark, cool place to protect it from exposure to light and heat.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. It is also sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals, which can cause it to lose its color or become brittle. Turquoise is often stabilized with resins or waxes to enhance its durability and luster.
To clean turquoise, it is best to use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. It is also important to store turquoise in a cool, dry place to protect it from exposure to heat and moisture.
Zircon
Zircon is relatively hard, with a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. However, it is still susceptible to damage from abrasion and chemical exposure, so it should be handled with care.
To clean zircon, it is best to use a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. It is also important to store zircon in a cool, dry place to protect it from exposure to heat and moisture.
Conclusion
December 6th birthstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—offer a unique combination of beauty, history, and symbolism. Each of these gemstones has its own distinct qualities and significance, making them valuable additions to any jewelry collection or spiritual practice. Tanzanite, with its vibrant blue to violet hues, represents transformation and spiritual awakening. Turquoise, with its deep blue color, is one of the oldest known gemstones and is associated with protection and healing. Zircon, known for its brilliance and fire, is a versatile gemstone that enhances clarity and wisdom.
These gemstones are not only beautiful but also rich in cultural and historical significance. Whether used in jewelry, meditation, or as talismans of protection and prosperity, tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon continue to captivate and inspire. For those born on December 6th, these gemstones serve as a meaningful connection to the past, present, and future, reflecting the enduring allure of December’s birthstones.