December 6 is marked by a unique selection of birthstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones, all associated with shades of blue, are celebrated for their beauty, symbolic meanings, and historical significance. While turquoise and zircon have long been recognized as traditional December birthstones, tanzanite was added more recently, offering a modern and vibrant addition to the list. Each of these gemstones carries its own story, from ancient cultural practices to contemporary jewelry design.
This article explores the properties, history, symbolism, and care of these December 6 birthstones. Drawing on expert sources and historical records, we will uncover why these gemstones have been cherished for centuries and what makes them particularly meaningful for those born on December 6.
History and Lore
The tradition of birthstones dates back thousands of years, with roots in biblical and ancient cultural practices. In the December 6 context, the gemstones associated with this day reflect a blend of old-world charm and modern discovery.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Power
Turquoise has been revered for millennia and is considered one of the oldest known gemstones. Its use dates back to ancient Egypt, where it was worn by royalty and believed to offer protection and spiritual guidance. Turquoise was also highly valued in Mesoamerican cultures, often used in ceremonial artifacts and jewelry.
In the context of birthstones, turquoise has been historically associated with December, particularly in the 19th century. According to sources, it was officially designated as a December birthstone as early as 1870, based on the "Gregorian Birthstone Poems" pamphlet by Tiffany & Co. This recognition was reaffirmed in 1912 by the National Association of Jewellers (now known as the Jewelers of America). Turquoise's deep blue-green color symbolizes the chill of winter and has been interpreted as a representation of calm and tranquility.
Zircon: An Ancient Gem with Modern Appeal
Zircon, especially in its blue form, is another traditional December birthstone. Known for its brilliance and fire, zircon has a rich history that spans centuries. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back to over 4 billion years. This gemstone was added to the December birthstone list in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America.
Zircon has been used in various cultures and periods. In ancient Egypt, zircon was sometimes confused with topaz and was believed to have protective powers. In the Middle East, zircon was considered a stone of wisdom and was used in rings and amulets. The blue variety of zircon, which is particularly popular as a December birthstone, is often heat-treated to achieve its vivid color. This gemstone is valued not only for its beauty but also for its affordability and availability, making it a popular choice for jewelry.
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery
Tanzanite is the most recent addition to the December birthstone list, having been officially recognized in 2002. Unlike turquoise and zircon, tanzanite is a relatively modern discovery. It was first discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, and is unique to that region. This makes it one of the rarest gemstones in the world.
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite that is heat-treated to produce its striking blue to violet hues. The natural color of tanzanite is brownish, and the transformation into its vibrant blue is achieved through controlled heating. This process enhances its beauty and makes it a popular gemstone in modern jewelry design.
The addition of tanzanite to the December birthstone list reflects the evolving nature of birthstone traditions. While it is a new entrant, its vibrant color and rarity quickly made it a favorite among gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry designers.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological formation and sources of these gemstones provides insight into their rarity, availability, and value.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper. It is typically found in arid regions, forming in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. The presence of copper gives turquoise its characteristic blue to green color, while the presence of iron can cause it to appear more green. The most famous sources of turquoise are in the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona and Nevada. Other notable sources include Iran (Persia), which has produced some of the finest turquoise in history, and China, where turquoise is often used in traditional jewelry.
Turquoise is not a naturally occurring gemstone in its purest form. It is often mined in rough form and then stabilized or dyed to enhance its color and durability. This process involves treating the stone with resins or dyes to improve its hardness and color consistency. The result is a more durable gemstone suitable for jewelry.
Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral that occurs in various colors, including blue, yellow, red, and brown. The blue zircon, often referred to as "starlight blue zircon," is the most popular variety for December birthstones. This color is achieved through heat treatment, which enhances the gemstone's natural properties.
Zircon is found in a wide range of geological settings, from igneous rocks to sedimentary deposits. It is particularly abundant in metamorphic rocks. Some of the most notable sources of zircon include Australia, Myanmar (Burma), and Sri Lanka. These regions have produced high-quality zircon specimens that are widely used in jewelry.
Zircon's durability and brilliance make it a popular alternative to diamonds. It has a high refractive index, which means it can sparkle like a diamond when cut and polished. This, combined with its affordability, has made it a favorite among jewelry designers and consumers alike.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite that is found only in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. It is a relatively new gemstone, having been discovered in 1967. The gemstone is formed under specific geological conditions involving high heat and pressure, which cause the transformation of zoisite into tanzanite.
Tanzanite is mined in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, and the deposits are limited to a small area. This geographical restriction contributes to its rarity and value. Tanzanite is often heat-treated to enhance its color, as the natural form of the gemstone is typically brown. The treatment stabilizes the color and makes it more vibrant.
Tanzanite's unique properties and limited availability have made it a highly sought-after gemstone. It is often used in fine jewelry and is considered a symbol of luxury and exclusivity. Its rarity and beauty have also made it a popular choice for collectors and investors.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December 6 birthstones has distinct gemological properties that contribute to their beauty, durability, and suitability for jewelry.
Turquoise
- Color: Blue to green, depending on the presence of copper and iron.
- Hardness: 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and prone to scratches.
- Luster: Waxy to dull.
- Transparency: Opaque to slightly translucent.
- Cleavage: No cleavage, but it can be brittle and prone to breaking.
- Specific Gravity: 2.6 to 2.8.
- Refractive Index: 1.61 to 1.65.
Turquoise is often stabilized or dyed to improve its durability and color. It is commonly cut into cabochons for jewelry and is best suited for pendants and earrings rather than rings.
Zircon
- Color: Blue, yellow, red, brown, and other colors.
- Hardness: 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, depending on the variety.
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy).
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Cleavage: Poor cleavage.
- Specific Gravity: 3.9 to 4.7.
- Refractive Index: 1.92 to 2.01.
Blue zircon, the most popular variety for December birthstones, has a high refractive index, which gives it a brilliant sparkle. It is durable enough for use in rings and other types of jewelry, making it a versatile gemstone.
Tanzanite
- Color: Blue to violet.
- Hardness: 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale.
- Luster: Vitreous.
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent.
- Cleavage: Perfect cleavage in one direction.
- Specific Gravity: 3.1 to 3.4.
- Refractive Index: 1.69 to 1.70.
Tanzanite is known for its vibrant color and excellent clarity. It is often cut into ovals, rounds, and other fancy shapes to maximize its brilliance. Due to its perfect cleavage, tanzanite should be handled with care to avoid chipping or breaking.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties of gemstones have been a part of human culture for centuries. Each of the December 6 birthstones carries its own set of beliefs and associations.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, healing, and spiritual guidance. In ancient cultures, it was believed to have the power to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. It was also used in rituals and ceremonies to connect with the divine.
In modern metaphysical practices, turquoise is considered a stone of tranquility and calm. It is believed to promote emotional healing, reduce stress, and enhance communication. It is also associated with truth and authenticity, encouraging individuals to express themselves honestly and openly.
Zircon
Zircon is believed to have powerful metaphysical properties, particularly in the areas of clarity, wisdom, and transformation. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to enhance intuition and insight. Zircon is also associated with the heart and is believed to promote emotional healing and balance.
In some cultures, zircon is considered a stone of prosperity and abundance. It is believed to attract wealth and success, making it a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their financial and career prospects. Zircon is also associated with the element of fire, symbolizing energy, passion, and transformation.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively new gemstone in the world of metaphysical beliefs, but it has quickly gained popularity for its powerful properties. It is associated with emotional healing, particularly in the areas of grief, loss, and trauma. It is believed to help individuals process difficult emotions and find peace and closure.
Tanzanite is also associated with spiritual growth and transformation. It is believed to enhance intuition and psychic abilities, making it a popular choice for those engaged in spiritual practices. Tanzanite is also linked to the throat chakra, which governs communication and self-expression. It is believed to help individuals speak their truth and express themselves with confidence and clarity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of gemstones. Each of the December 6 birthstones requires specific care due to their unique properties.
Turquoise
Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, making it susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and excessive moisture. It should be cleaned with a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause the stone to crack or lose its color. Turquoise should also be kept away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures, as these can cause it to fade or become brittle.
When storing turquoise jewelry, it should be kept in a dry, cool place. Avoid storing it with other gemstones, as it can scratch more easily. If turquoise becomes dull, it can be polished with a soft cloth and a small amount of water.
Zircon
Zircon is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. It is suitable for ultrasonic and steam cleaners, making it easy to maintain. However, zircon should be handled with care, as it can be sensitive to sudden temperature changes.
Zircon should be stored in a jewelry box or pouch to prevent scratches. It should also be kept away from harsh chemicals, such as bleach and ammonia, which can cause it to lose its color or become cloudy.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes, so it should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid using ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as these can cause the stone to crack or lose its color. Tanzanite should also be kept away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.
When storing tanzanite jewelry, it should be kept in a cool, dry place. Avoid storing it with other gemstones, as it can scratch more easily. Tanzanite should also be kept away from harsh chemicals, such as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, which can damage the stone.
Conclusion
The December 6 birthstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. Each of these gemstones has its own unique properties and associations, making them meaningful choices for those born on this day. Turquoise, with its ancient roots and protective qualities, has been cherished for centuries. Zircon, with its brilliance and affordability, has been a popular choice in jewelry design. Tanzanite, a modern discovery, has quickly become a favorite for its rarity and vibrant color.
These gemstones are more than just beautiful stones; they are symbols of protection, healing, and transformation. Whether worn as a piece of jewelry or used in spiritual practices, the December 6 birthstones carry a deep significance that connects the past with the present. By understanding their properties, history, and care requirements, we can appreciate these gemstones even more and ensure that their beauty endures for generations to come.