For those born on December 13th, the selection of birthstones is not limited to a single gemstone. This unique date is associated with three distinct stones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. Each of these gemstones has its own compelling history, physical properties, and symbolic meanings that make them worthy of celebration. In this article, we will explore the origins, geological formation, cultural significance, and care requirements of these birthstones, offering a comprehensive look at the gems that represent those born on this special date.
Introduction
December 13th is marked by the convergence of several gemstones, all of which have been historically and culturally significant in their own right. Tanzanite, the youngest of the three, was discovered only in 1967 and is found exclusively in Tanzania. Turquoise, in contrast, has a history that stretches back thousands of years and was cherished by ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Chinese. Zircon, with its diverse color palette and refractive brilliance, has been admired across many cultures and has often been mistaken for more expensive gems due to its clarity and fire.
Each of these gemstones carries with it a rich set of associations—ranging from spiritual protection and emotional balance to success and transformation. This article will examine each of these stones in detail, drawing on historical accounts, scientific data, and cultural lore to present a well-rounded perspective on their significance.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is the youngest of the three birthstones associated with December 13th. Discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, it is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones. The stone was first identified as a type of zoisite, a silicate mineral, and was later named after its country of origin—Tanzania. Tanzanite’s striking blue-violet color is due to trace amounts of vanadium, and its color can also appear in green tones depending on the lighting conditions.
Although it has not had the lengthy history of older gemstones like rubies or emeralds, tanzanite has quickly gained popularity for its beauty and rarity. It is associated with qualities such as healing, protection, and self-transformation. Some believe that tanzanite can activate key chakras, including the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, enabling the wearer to access psychic abilities and communicate with higher dimensions.
Due to its limited geographic source—Tanzanite is found exclusively in Tanzania—its rarity adds to its allure. It is considered one of the rarest gemstones in the world, and its popularity has only increased since its discovery.
Turquoise
Turquoise is the most ancient of the December 13th birthstones, with a history that spans over 5,000 years. It has been used in jewelry and ornamentation by numerous civilizations, including the ancient Egyptians, Chinese, and Persians. In fact, the name "turquoise" comes from the French word turquois, meaning “Turkish,” because the gem was historically imported from Persia through Turkey to Europe.
In ancient Egypt, turquoise was highly valued and was often used in royal jewelry. Pharaohs and nobles wore it as a symbol of power and status. The famous death mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun is adorned with turquoise inlays, highlighting the stone’s importance in ancient Egyptian culture.
Turquoise was also considered a protective stone and was believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. In some cultures, it was thought to be a stone of communication with the divine, and it was often used in spiritual rituals. Today, it remains a popular birthstone and is also associated with the 11th wedding anniversary.
Zircon
Zircon is a gemstone that has been admired for centuries due to its brilliance and fire, which are often compared to those of diamonds and other precious gems. The word "zircon" comes from the Arabic word zarkun, meaning “gold-like,” a reference to the yellow and reddish hues of some zircon varieties. However, zircon can appear in a wide range of colors, including blue, green, red, and colorless.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over 4 billion years. These ancient crystals have been studied by geologists to understand the early formation of the planet. In jewelry, zircon is prized for its refractive index and dispersion, which give it a dazzling sparkle.
Zircon was historically used as a substitute for diamonds, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its popularity was due in part to its affordability and beauty. In some cultures, zircon was believed to bring clarity of thought and protection from harm. Today, it remains a valuable and versatile gemstone, with blue zircon being particularly popular among December 13th birthstone enthusiasts.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is formed from a type of zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate mineral. The stone is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, a location that is geographically unique and cannot be replicated elsewhere in the world. The presence of vanadium and chromium in the mineral structure of tanzanite gives it its characteristic blue-violet color.
The geological conditions required for the formation of tanzanite are extremely specific, and this has contributed to its rarity. The Merelani Hills are the only known source of tanzanite, and the deposits are finite, making the stone a valuable and increasingly scarce gem.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, and it forms in arid environments where copper-rich rocks are exposed to water and surface weathering. It is typically found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits and is often found in association with minerals such as calcite and quartz.
The primary sources of turquoise include the United States (especially in Arizona and New Mexico), China, Iran, and Egypt. Each region produces turquoise with slightly different characteristics, such as color and hardness. The most prized turquoise has a deep blue color with minimal matrix (the surrounding rock material).
Turquoise is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a hardness of 5–6 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and damage, and it requires careful handling and care.
Zircon
Zircon is a silicate mineral that is found in a variety of geological settings. It is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is known for its durability, with a hardness of 6–7.5 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more resistant to wear and tear than some other gemstones.
Zircon is found in several parts of the world, including Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, and the United States. The most famous zircon deposits are in Australia, where some of the oldest known zircon crystals have been found. These crystals have been used in scientific studies to understand the early history of the Earth.
Zircon can occur in various colors due to trace elements in its composition. The most popular variety for jewelry is blue zircon, which is produced through heat treatment. Natural zircon can also be found in green, red, and yellow hues, but the blue variety is the most sought after.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
- Chemical Formula: Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)
- Hardness (Mohs): 6–7
- Color: Blue-violet, with possible green undertones
- Refractive Index: 1.694–1.706
- Luster: Vitreous
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Cleavage: Poor to none
- Specific Gravity: 3.14–3.38
Tanzanite is a trichroic gemstone, meaning it can display three different colors depending on the angle of light. This property makes it especially beautiful and unique. Its color is due to the presence of vanadium, and it is often heat-treated to enhance its blue and violet tones.
Turquoise
- Chemical Formula: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
- Hardness (Mohs): 5–6
- Color: Blue, green, or a combination of both, depending on the presence of copper and iron
- Refractive Index: 1.61–1.65
- Luster: Waxy to dull
- Transparency: Translucent to opaque
- Cleavage: Uneven
- Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.8
Turquoise is a soft and porous gemstone that can absorb oils and dirt easily. It is often stabilized with resins to improve its durability and appearance. The presence of matrix (the surrounding rock material) can affect the stone’s color and value, with deep blue stones having the highest demand.
Zircon
- Chemical Formula: ZrSiO₄
- Hardness (Mohs): 6–7.5
- Color: Colorless, blue, green, red, yellow
- Refractive Index: 1.92–2.01
- Luster: Vitreous to adamantine
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Cleavage: None
- Specific Gravity: 4.6–4.8
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which give it a brilliant sparkle. The blue variety is the most popular for jewelry and is often heat-treated to enhance its color. Zircon is also highly durable, making it a practical choice for everyday wear.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is associated with emotional healing, intuition, and spiritual growth. It is believed to help the wearer access higher dimensions and enhance psychic abilities. Some people use tanzanite to balance the throat and third-eye chakras, which are related to communication and perception. It is also thought to promote calmness and emotional stability, making it a valuable stone for those undergoing transformation or seeking clarity in their lives.
In some cultures, tanzanite is considered a stone of transformation and renewal. It is often used in meditation and spiritual practices to open the mind and encourage self-discovery.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been regarded as a protective stone, believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. It is associated with wisdom, communication, and emotional balance. In ancient times, it was used in rituals and ceremonies to connect with the divine and seek guidance.
Turquoise is also associated with love and friendship. In some cultures, it was worn as a token of loyalty and was believed to strengthen relationships. It is often used in jewelry to symbolize these qualities, and it remains a popular choice for rings, pendants, and bracelets.
Zircon
Zircon is believed to bring clarity of thought, protection from harm, and a sense of balance. It is associated with wisdom and truth, and it is often used in meditation to help the wearer achieve a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them.
In some cultures, zircon is considered a stone of prosperity and success. It is believed to help the wearer make wise decisions and overcome obstacles. Its vibrant colors and brilliance make it a symbol of energy and vitality.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Here are some guidelines for caring for tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon:
Tanzanite
- Cleaning: Use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush to clean tanzanite. Avoid using harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
- Storage: Store tanzanite separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also best to keep it in a soft pouch or box to avoid contact with other jewelry.
- Wear: Tanzanite is relatively hard but should still be treated with care. Avoid wearing it during activities that may cause impact or abrasion.
Turquoise
- Cleaning: Clean turquoise with a soft, damp cloth. Avoid using water for extended periods, as the stone is porous and can absorb water, causing it to expand or change color.
- Storage: Store turquoise in a cool, dry place to prevent damage from moisture. It should be kept away from direct sunlight to avoid fading.
- Wear: Due to its softness and porosity, turquoise is best worn in pieces that are less likely to be subjected to heavy use or impact.
Zircon
- Cleaning: Zircon can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. It is more durable than turquoise and can be cleaned with mild ultrasonic cleaners if needed.
- Storage: Store zircon separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is best to keep it in a soft pouch or box.
- Wear: Zircon is a durable gemstone and can be worn on a regular basis. However, it should still be handled with care to avoid damage.
Conclusion
December 13th is a unique date in the world of birthstones, as it is associated with three distinct and meaningful gemstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. Each of these stones has a rich history, fascinating geological properties, and deep symbolic meanings that make them valuable not only as adornments but also as symbols of personal and spiritual significance.
Whether you are drawn to the deep blue hues of tanzanite, the storied past of turquoise, or the vibrant brilliance of zircon, there is a gemstone to match every personality and preference. These stones offer more than just beauty—they are also carriers of meaning, history, and tradition.
For those born on December 13th, these birthstones serve as a reminder of the unique qualities and potential that they carry within them. Whether used in jewelry, spiritual practices, or simply as a cherished possession, these gemstones continue to inspire and captivate.