December 6 is marked by a unique distinction in the world of birthstones: it is associated with three gemstones—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. These stones, while distinct in their geological properties and cultural significance, share a common theme of color, particularly in the blue and blue-green spectrum, which is symbolic of tranquility, wisdom, and protection. This article delves into the fascinating world of these December 6 birthstones, exploring their historical roots, geological formation, metaphysical beliefs, and care requirements.
Introduction
The birthstone tradition, rooted in ancient lore and evolving through centuries, has assigned a set of gemstones to each month of the year. For those born on December 6, the associated gemstones are Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. These stones are not only prized for their visual appeal but also for their deep cultural and symbolic meanings. Tanzanite, with its striking blue to violet hues, is a modern discovery and one of the rarest gemstones in the world. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been cherished for millennia for its protective and calming properties. Zircon, particularly in its blue form, is celebrated for its brilliance and fire. Together, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options in terms of color, value, and symbolism.
This article will explore the unique qualities of each gemstone, their historical and cultural significance, and practical advice for their care and preservation. By understanding the properties and meanings behind these December 6 birthstones, gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers can appreciate their enduring allure and significance.
History and Lore
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively new gemstone in the gemological world, first discovered in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. It was not until 1968 that it was officially named and introduced to the market. The stone was initially found as brownish zoisite, which, when heat-treated, revealed the vibrant blue to violet colors that now define it. Tanzanite was named after its country of origin, Tanzania, and quickly gained popularity due to its rarity and stunning color. It is considered one of the rarest gemstones in the world, with all known deposits located in a small area near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been used for thousands of years, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt, as early as 4000 BCE. It was highly valued by the Egyptians, who believed it to have protective and healing properties. Turquoise was often used in jewelry, amulets, and inlays for furniture and ceremonial objects. In ancient Persia (modern-day Iran), turquoise was called "pichid" and was used in the construction of royal palaces and religious sites.
The gemstone was also significant in Native American cultures, particularly among the Navajo and Zuni tribes, who used it in jewelry and carvings. They believed turquoise to be a sacred stone that brought good fortune and protection. The stone was often used in rituals and was thought to connect the wearer with the spiritual world.
Zircon
Zircon has a long and storied history, with some sources suggesting it is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, dating back over 4 billion years. It has been found in ancient civilizations including Egypt, India, and Mesopotamia, where it was used in jewelry and as a decorative stone. In medieval Europe, zircon was believed to have protective properties and was used in talismans to ward off evil.
Zircon is particularly notable for its ability to exhibit a wide range of colors, especially in its blue form, which is achieved through heat treatment. Blue zircon, also known as "starfire zircon," is highly valued for its brilliance and fire, often mistaken for diamonds in the past due to its refractive properties.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite (Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃). It is primarily found in a small area of Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. The gemstone forms in metamorphic rocks, specifically in contact metamorphic zones where heat and pressure from igneous intrusions transform the surrounding rock. The blue to violet colors in tanzanite are caused by trace amounts of vanadium and are enhanced through heat treatment, which stabilizes the color and enhances its brilliance.
Due to the limited geographic source, tanzanite is considered one of the rarest gemstones in the world. The deposits are finite and are expected to be depleted within a few decades, adding to its value and exclusivity.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, with the chemical formula Al₂(OH)₃PO₄·4H₂O. It forms in the oxidation zones of copper deposits, where it is created through the interaction of copper minerals with water and phosphorus-bearing materials. This process occurs over thousands of years, resulting in the formation of turquoise nodules and veins within host rocks.
Major sources of turquoise include Iran, the United States (particularly in New Mexico and Nevada), China, and Egypt. The color of turquoise can vary depending on the mineral content, with the most prized being the deep blue-green shade with minimal black matrix. Turquoise from the United States is particularly highly valued for its rich blue color and distinctive matrix patterns.
Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral with the chemical formula ZrSiO₄. It is one of the most durable minerals and is resistant to weathering and metamorphism. Zircon is found in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is often found in granite and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, where it forms as a result of the crystallization of zirconium-rich magma or the recrystallization of existing minerals.
Zircon is mined in countries such as Brazil, Cambodia, China, and Australia. The blue coloration of zircon is achieved through heat treatment, which removes the natural yellow or brown coloration and reveals the vibrant blue tones. Zircon is also known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a diamond-like brilliance when cut and polished.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)(OH)₃ |
| Color | Blue to violet (due to vanadium) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 – 7 |
| Refractive Index | 1.694 – 1.702 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.1 – 3.4 |
| Cleavage | Poor |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Treatments | Heat treatment (standard) |
| Origin | Tanzania |
| Rarity | Very rare |
Tanzanite is known for its striking color and pleochroism, meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. It is a moderately hard gemstone but is prone to abrasion and can be damaged by exposure to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. It is not recommended for daily wear in rings, but it is ideal for pendants and earrings.
Turquoise
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al₂(OH)₃PO₄·4H₂O |
| Color | Blue to green (depending on mineral content) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5 – 6 |
| Refractive Index | 1.61 – 1.65 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.0 – 2.7 |
| Luster | Waxy to greasy |
| Treatments | Stabilization (common) |
| Origin | Iran, USA, China, Egypt |
| Rarity | Moderate |
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone and is often stabilized with resins or oils to enhance its durability. The color of turquoise can vary depending on the presence of copper (which produces blue) or iron (which produces green). The most valuable turquoise is the deep blue with minimal matrix and no black veins.
Zircon
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZrSiO₄ |
| Color | Colorless to yellow, red, green, blue (heat-treated) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 – 7.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.92 – 2.01 |
| Specific Gravity | 4.0 – 4.7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Treatments | Heat treatment (common) |
| Origin | Brazil, Cambodia, China, Australia |
| Rarity | Moderate to high (especially blue zircon) |
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a brilliant, diamond-like sparkle. Blue zircon, in particular, is highly valued for its vibrant color and fire. It is a durable gemstone that is suitable for a variety of jewelry settings, including rings, pendants, and earrings.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, emotional healing, and spiritual awakening. It is believed to enhance intuition and provide clarity in decision-making. In metaphysical traditions, tanzanite is said to activate the third eye and crown chakras, promoting higher consciousness and spiritual growth. It is also believed to help in overcoming grief and emotional pain, making it a popular choice for those seeking emotional healing.
Tanzanite is also linked to the concept of success and prosperity. It is thought to enhance the wearer's ability to achieve their goals and to attract positive energy and opportunities. The gemstone is often used in meditation and healing practices to promote inner peace and balance.
Turquoise
Turquoise has long been considered a stone of protection and healing. It is believed to provide a shield against negative energies and to promote emotional stability and calm. In many cultures, turquoise is associated with wisdom, communication, and good fortune. It is often used in jewelry as a talisman to bring protection and positive energy to the wearer.
Turquoise is also linked to the throat chakra, making it a popular stone for those who work with communication and public speaking. It is believed to enhance the ability to express oneself clearly and confidently. In Native American traditions, turquoise is considered a sacred stone that connects the wearer to the spiritual world.
Zircon
Zircon is often associated with love, prosperity, and spiritual growth. It is believed to enhance the wearer's ability to manifest their desires and to attract positive energy into their life. Zircon is also linked to the heart and solar plexus chakras, promoting emotional balance and personal power.
In metaphysical traditions, zircon is considered a stone of clarity and insight. It is believed to enhance intuition and help the wearer make clear and decisive choices. It is also thought to provide protection and to enhance the connection between the physical and spiritual realms.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of these gemstones. Each gemstone has specific care requirements based on its hardness, cleavage, and sensitivity to heat and chemicals.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is relatively soft and can be easily damaged by abrasion or exposure to harsh chemicals. It is recommended to clean tanzanite with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can cause damage to the gemstone.
Tanzanite should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is best to avoid exposure to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the gemstone to crack. Tanzanite is not recommended for daily wear in rings but is ideal for pendants and earrings.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone and is often stabilized with resins or oils to enhance its durability. It is important to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals and to clean turquoise with a soft cloth and mild soap. It is best to avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone.
Turquoise should be kept in a cool, dry place and should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is not recommended for daily wear in rings, as it can be easily damaged. Turquoise is best suited for pendants and earrings.
Zircon
Zircon is a durable gemstone with a high refractive index and dispersion. It is suitable for a variety of jewelry settings, including rings, pendants, and earrings. It is recommended to clean zircon with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally safe for zircon, but it is best to avoid using them if the gemstone has been heat-treated.
Zircon should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches. It is best to avoid exposure to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause the gemstone to crack. Zircon is a versatile gemstone that is suitable for both daily wear and special occasions.
Conclusion
The birthstones for December 6—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon—represent a unique and diverse selection of gemstones that are valued for their beauty, rarity, and symbolic significance. Tanzanite, with its rare blue to violet hues, is a modern discovery that continues to captivate gemstone enthusiasts. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, has been cherished for millennia for its protective and healing properties. Zircon, particularly in its blue form, is prized for its brilliance and fire, making it a popular choice for jewelry.
These gemstones offer a rich tapestry of history, culture, and symbolism, making them meaningful choices for those born on December 6. Whether used in jewelry, spiritual practices, or as collectibles, these gemstones continue to inspire and captivate with their enduring beauty and significance.