Those born in August are blessed with not one, but three birthstones—each with its own unique history, beauty, and symbolism. Peridot, spinel, and sardonyx have each earned their place in the annals of gemology, and their selection as birthstones reflects centuries of cultural, historical, and geological significance. This article delves into the origins, properties, and enduring appeal of these three gemstones, offering a comprehensive look at why August is one of the most celebrated months in the world of birthstones.
Introduction
August, the eighth month of the year, is known for its warm, sunlit days and the vibrant energy of summer. This energy is mirrored in the gemstones that represent those born in this month—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These stones, each with their own color, composition, and symbolic meaning, reflect the richness and diversity of August.
The tradition of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with the earliest references found in biblical texts. Over the centuries, the list of birthstones has evolved, and today, each month is associated with one or more gemstones. August is unique in that it has three official birthstones, a distinction that arose due to the development of modern gemology and the growing appreciation for gem diversity.
The inclusion of multiple birthstones for August reflects both practical and symbolic considerations. On one hand, the availability and affordability of these gemstones made it possible to offer more options for jewelry. On the other hand, the selection of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx as August birthstones highlights the rich history and varied meanings associated with each stone.
History and Lore
The history of August's birthstones is as rich and varied as the stones themselves. Sardonyx is the oldest of the three, with a documented history that dates back more than 4,000 years. It was highly valued in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where it was used to make seals, amulets, and other adornments. The stone’s banded appearance—alternating layers of sard and onyx—was believed to symbolize strength, protection, and clarity of thought.
Peridot, the second of August’s birthstones, has a history that is equally storied. Known as the "gem of the sun" by the ancient Egyptians, peridot was believed to bring health, happiness, and protection from nightmares. The stone was often used in jewelry and amulets, and it was even thought to be a gift from the gods. The name "peridot" is derived from the French word "perit," which means "to pass through," a reference to the way the gemstone was once found in the lava of the Red Sea island of Topazios.
Spinel, the youngest of the three August birthstones, has a more recent history in the world of gemology. For centuries, spinel was mistaken for ruby and other red gems, as it often shares similar color and appearance. It wasn't until the 20th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct gemstone in its own right. In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America added spinel to the list of August birthstones, acknowledging its beauty and versatility.
The addition of spinel to August's birthstone lineup reflects the evolving nature of gemology and the increasing appreciation for gem diversity. With its vibrant colors and wide range of hues—from deep red to pink, orange, and even blue—spinel offers a modern and versatile option for those born in August.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of August’s birthstones has a unique geological origin and is found in different parts of the world. Understanding the formation and sources of these gemstones provides insight into their rarity and value.
Peridot
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine and is formed under extreme conditions deep within the Earth's mantle. It can be brought to the surface through volcanic activity or found in meteorites. This makes peridot one of the few gemstones that can originate from both the Earth and outer space. The gemstone's color, which ranges from yellow-green to deep olive green, is due to the presence of iron. The more iron a peridot contains, the darker its color.
Peridot is found in a variety of locations around the world, including the United States, Brazil, China, Egypt, and Pakistan. The most famous source of peridot is the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, which has been a source of high-quality peridot for thousands of years. In the United States, peridot is found in Arizona, where it is sometimes referred to as "Arizona peridot."
Spinel
Spinel is a mineral that forms in igneous rocks, particularly in deposits where other gemstones such as ruby and sapphire are also found. It is composed of magnesium aluminum oxide and can occur in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, purple, and blue. The most valuable and well-known spinel is the deep red variety, which is often mistaken for ruby.
Spinel is found in several countries, including Afghanistan, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Some of the most famous spinel specimens come from Burma, where the gemstone has been mined for centuries. Spinel is also found in the United States, particularly in California and Nevada.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a type of chalcedony, which is a form of quartz. It is composed of two varieties of chalcedony: sard, which is a reddish-brown or orange-colored chalcedony, and onyx, which is a black or white chalcedony. The alternating bands of sard and onyx give sardonyx its distinctive appearance.
Sardonyx is found in various parts of the world, including Brazil, India, Madagascar, and the United States. The stone has been used for thousands of years in jewelry, seals, and amulets, and it was particularly popular in ancient Egypt and Rome.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx is essential for anyone interested in gemstone jewelry. These properties include hardness, color, clarity, and refractive index, all of which affect the stone's durability, appearance, and value.
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively soft compared to other gemstones such as diamonds and sapphires. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and damage, so it is important to handle peridot jewelry with care. The gemstone has a vitreous luster and a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.69, which gives it a bright, glassy appearance.
Peridot is known for its vivid green color, which can range from a pale yellow-green to a deep olive green. The color is due to the presence of iron, and the more iron a peridot contains, the darker its color. Peridot is also pleochroic, meaning it can appear different colors when viewed from different angles. However, this effect is usually subtle and not easily noticeable to the naked eye.
Spinel
Spinel has a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than peridot but less hard than corundum (which includes ruby and sapphire). Spinel has a refractive index of 1.718 to 1.726, which gives it a bright, lively appearance. The gemstone is known for its excellent clarity, and high-quality spinel is often free of inclusions.
Spinel is available in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, purple, and blue. The most valuable and well-known spinel is the deep red variety, which is often mistaken for ruby. Spinel is also known for its brilliance and fire, which make it a popular choice for jewelry.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, similar to peridot. It has a waxy luster and a refractive index of 1.53 to 1.54, which gives it a soft, smooth appearance. Sardonyx is known for its distinctive banding, which is caused by alternating layers of sard and onyx.
Sardonyx is typically opaque and is not known for its brilliance or fire. Instead, it is valued for its durability and ability to take a high polish. Sardonyx is often used in cabochons, cameos, and beads, and it is particularly popular in ancient and traditional jewelry designs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of August’s birthstones carries its own symbolism and metaphysical beliefs, which have been passed down through centuries of cultural and spiritual traditions.
Peridot
Peridot has long been associated with the sun and is believed to bring warmth, light, and positivity to those who wear it. In ancient Egypt, peridot was thought to be a gift from the gods and was used in amulets to bring health, happiness, and protection from nightmares. The gemstone was also believed to have the power to ward off negative energy and promote emotional healing.
In modern times, peridot is often associated with renewal, growth, and abundance. It is believed to help with emotional healing and to promote a sense of inner peace and balance. Peridot is also thought to enhance communication and creativity, making it a popular choice for those who work in the arts or who are looking to improve their self-expression.
Spinel
Spinel is a relatively new addition to the list of birthstones, but it has a long history of being associated with courage, strength, and vitality. In ancient times, spinel was believed to have the power to protect the wearer from harm and to bring good fortune. It was also thought to enhance one's ability to see clearly and to make wise decisions.
In modern metaphysical traditions, spinel is believed to help with emotional healing and to promote a sense of calm and stability. It is also associated with love and passion, and it is often used in jewelry to enhance romantic relationships. Red spinel, in particular, is thought to be a powerful stone for attracting love and passion.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx has a long history of being associated with strength, protection, and clarity of thought. In ancient Egypt, sardonyx was used to make amulets and seals, which were believed to protect the wearer from harm and to enhance their ability to think clearly and make wise decisions. The stone was also believed to promote confidence and courage, making it a popular choice for warriors and leaders.
In modern times, sardonyx is often used as a protective stone and is believed to help with emotional stability and mental clarity. It is also associated with discipline, self-control, and perseverance, making it a popular choice for those who are looking to overcome challenges and achieve their goals.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of August’s birthstone jewelry. Each of the three gemstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—has its own care requirements, which are based on their hardness, durability, and sensitivity to certain substances.
Peridot
Peridot is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This means that it is more susceptible to scratches and damage than harder gemstones such as diamonds or sapphires. To care for peridot jewelry, it is important to avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals, extreme temperatures, or abrasive materials.
Peridot can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. It is important to use a gentle detergent and to avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the stone. Peridot should also be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
Spinel
Spinel is a harder gemstone, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than peridot. However, it is still important to care for spinel jewelry properly to ensure its longevity. Spinel is not as sensitive to chemicals as peridot, but it is still important to avoid exposing it to harsh substances.
Spinel can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. It is also safe to use ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as long as the stone is free of inclusions that could be damaged by the vibrations. Spinel should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. It is not as sensitive to chemicals as peridot and can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water. However, it is still important to avoid exposing sardonyx to harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
Sardonyx is often used in cabochons, cameos, and beads, and it is particularly popular in ancient and traditional jewelry designs. Because of its durability, sardonyx is a good choice for everyday wear. It should be stored separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
August is a month rich in history, symbolism, and beauty, and its three birthstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—reflect the warmth, energy, and diversity of the month. Each of these gemstones has its own unique story, from their geological origins to their cultural significance and metaphysical properties.
Peridot, with its vibrant green color and ancient associations with the sun, is a symbol of renewal and positivity. Spinel, with its wide range of colors and modern appeal, offers a versatile and elegant option for those born in August. Sardonyx, with its rich history and protective qualities, has been a treasured gemstone for thousands of years.
Together, these three gemstones provide a diverse and meaningful choice for those born in August, allowing them to select a birthstone that resonates with their personality and aesthetics. Whether worn for its beauty, its history, or its symbolic meaning, August’s birthstone jewelry is a celebration of individuality, tradition, and the enduring allure of gemstones.