March, the bridge between winter and spring, is symbolized by two distinct yet deeply meaningful birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These gemstones, while differing in appearance, share a rich history of symbolism and a shared reputation for promoting well-being. The March birthstone color palette spans the tranquil blues of aquamarine to the vivid greens and crimson flecks of bloodstone. This article explores the geological, cultural, and metaphysical dimensions of these stones, drawing from authoritative and historical sources.
March is unique in that it has two recognized birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. The blue hues of aquamarine evoke the calm of the sea, while the deep green and red of bloodstone reflect the vigor of spring. These stones have been valued for centuries, each with its own lore, properties, and symbolism. This article delves into their history, gemological properties, cultural significance, and care instructions, offering a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry connoisseurs.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with months of the year dates back to ancient times. The earliest known references to birthstones appear in the Breastplate of Aaron, mentioned in the Old Testament, which lists twelve stones corresponding to the twelve tribes of Israel. These were later linked to the twelve months of the year and the zodiac signs, forming the foundation of modern birthstone traditions.
By the first century AD, early Christian and Jewish scholars began aligning these stones with the months. However, it wasn’t until the 16th century that birthstones began to be worn specifically in relation to one’s birth month. It is believed that jewelers in Germany and Poland were among the first to market birthstone jewelry according to the month of the wearer’s birth.
In the early birthstone traditions, bloodstone was the only gemstone associated with March. The association of aquamarine with the month is a more modern addition. The first widely recognized standardized list of birthstones in the West was published in 1870 by an anonymous author for the jewelry house of Tiffany & Co. Their pamphlet included the following verse for March:
“By her who in March was born
No gem save Bloodstone shall be worn
They will ensure her constancy
True friendship and fidelity.”
This early list did not include aquamarine, indicating that the addition of aquamarine as a March birthstone came later, likely during the 20th century as the global gemstone trade expanded and the availability of aquamarine increased.
The dual birthstone tradition for March may also reflect the dual zodiac signs it straddles: Pisces and Aries. Aquamarine, with its calming blue tones, is often associated with Pisces, while bloodstone, with its bold red and green, is linked with Aries. This duality is fitting given that March is a transitional month in both the natural world and the zodiac.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, which also includes emerald. Its name comes from the Latin aqua marina, meaning “sea water,” a reference to its color, which resembles the tranquil blue of the ocean. The coloration in aquamarine is caused by trace amounts of iron within the crystal structure.
Aquamarine forms in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks under high-pressure conditions. These geological formations allow for the slow growth of large, well-formed crystals. The most significant sources of aquamarine include Brazil, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Madagascar. Brazil, in particular, is known for producing large, high-quality aquamarine crystals.
The gemstone is typically found in transparent to translucent form, and its clarity is one of its defining characteristics. Aquamarine is also relatively durable, with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for use in jewelry.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a form of chalcedony (a variety of quartz) that is characterized by its deep green color and red spots or flecks. The red spots are due to the presence of iron oxide. Bloodstone is formed in sedimentary rocks and is often found in nodules or veins.
Historically, bloodstone was mined in India, where it has been known for thousands of years. Today, significant sources of bloodstone include India, China, and the United States. The gemstone is typically opaque and is best suited for cabochon cuts rather than faceted cuts, as its inclusions and coloration are best showcased in a smooth, rounded form.
Unlike aquamarine, bloodstone is softer, with a hardness of around 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. This makes it more susceptible to scratches and abrasions, so it is often used in jewelry that is not worn daily.
Gemological Properties
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of both aquamarine and bloodstone:
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ (Beryl with iron impurities) | SiO₂ (Quartz with iron oxide inclusions) |
| Color | Blue to blue-green | Deep green with red flecks |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 7.5–8 | 6.5–7 |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Opaque |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) | Waxy to vitreous |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction | No cleavage |
| Common Cuts | Faceted (emerald, round, oval) | Cabochon |
| Specific Gravity | 2.65–2.90 | 2.55–2.65 |
| Refractive Index | 1.56–1.58 | 1.54–1.55 |
Aquamarine is a relatively stable gemstone with few inclusions when high quality. Its transparency and brilliance make it a popular choice for jewelry. Bloodstone, by contrast, is often opaque and is valued more for its symbolic and historical significance than for its optical properties.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both aquamarine and bloodstone carry rich symbolism and metaphysical beliefs that have been passed down through centuries.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with the sea. Ancient mariners believed that carrying aquamarine would protect them from storms and ensure safe passage. This belief is reflected in the gemstone’s name, which means “sea water.” The stone was also thought to bring calm and courage, making it a favored gem for those who needed to face fears or challenges.
In medieval times, aquamarine was believed to promote truthfulness and eloquence, making it a popular stone among scholars and orators. It was also considered a stone of love and was thought to strengthen relationships and marriages. The gemstone was believed to help the wearer express their thoughts clearly and confidently.
Modern metaphysical beliefs continue to value aquamarine for its calming and protective properties. It is said to help reduce anxiety, promote emotional balance, and encourage a sense of inner peace. Aquamarine is also associated with the throat chakra, aiding in communication and self-expression.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is one of the oldest known gemstones and has been used for thousands of years. Its name comes from the red flecks that resemble drops of blood. The gemstone has long been associated with vitality, courage, and healing. Ancient warriors carried bloodstone into battle, believing it would protect them and strengthen their resolve.
In medieval Europe, bloodstone was thought to have medicinal properties and was used to treat wounds and fevers. It was also believed to purify the blood and improve overall health. Bloodstone was considered a protective stone, especially for those who traveled or faced dangerous situations.
Modern metaphysical practices continue to use bloodstone for grounding and protection. It is believed to enhance courage, promote self-control, and help the wearer overcome fear and anxiety. Bloodstone is also associated with the root and heart chakras, helping to stabilize emotions and provide a sense of security.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of both aquamarine and bloodstone.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is relatively durable due to its high hardness on the Mohs scale. However, it is sensitive to heat and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, which can cause the color to fade. To clean aquamarine, use a soft brush and mild soap with warm water. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone or the setting.
When storing aquamarine jewelry, keep it away from other gemstones to prevent scratches. Store it in a soft pouch or a lined jewelry box. Avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals, as these can dull its luster.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is less durable than aquamarine and requires more careful handling. Its hardness is lower, and it is more susceptible to scratches and abrasions. Avoid wearing bloodstone jewelry during activities that could cause it to be struck or dropped.
Cleaning bloodstone is best done with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause the iron oxide inclusions to become dislodged or the stone to crack. Store bloodstone separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches, and keep it away from direct sunlight to prevent any fading of the red flecks.
Conclusion
March is uniquely represented by two distinct birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. Each stone has its own rich history, symbolism, and gemological properties. Aquamarine, with its calming blue tones and association with the sea, is a symbol of peace, courage, and clarity. Bloodstone, with its bold green and red flecks, represents vitality, strength, and protection.
Both stones have been cherished for centuries and continue to be popular in jewelry and spiritual practices. Whether worn for their beauty, their historical significance, or their metaphysical properties, aquamarine and bloodstone remain enduring symbols of March and its themes of renewal and resilience.