December, the final month of the year, is rich in symbolism, tradition, and natural beauty. Among its many treasures is the December 28th birthstone, Tanzanite, a gemstone that radiates a mesmerizing blend of blue and violet hues. Tanzanite is not only a rare and beautiful gem but also a symbol of transformation, healing, and spiritual awakening. Its discovery in the late 20th century, combined with its limited geographic source and captivating color, has made it a prized gem in the world of jewelry and gemology.
This article delves into the multifaceted nature of Tanzanite, exploring its geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and the cultural and spiritual meanings it holds. Additionally, we will examine how Tanzanite is incorporated into jewelry, the best ways to care for it, and why it has become such a cherished birthstone for those born on December 28th.
History and Lore of Tanzanite
Tanzanite’s story is one of serendipity. Discovered in the 1960s in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, it was initially mistaken for a sapphire due to its striking blue-violet color. The gem was first mined in the 1960s by a Maasai tribesman who brought a piece to a trader, who then sent it to a gem cutter in London. The cutter, however, was unable to identify the stone, and it was sent to a mineralogist for analysis. It was there that the stone's true identity was revealed, and it was officially named Tanzanite in honor of its country of origin.
Unlike many gemstones that have been known to humanity for centuries, Tanzanite is a relatively new addition to the world of gemology. Its rarity, coupled with its vivid color, quickly made it a favorite among jewelers and gemstone lovers. In fact, Tanzanite was declared the "Gem of the Year" in 1968 by the American Gem Trade Association, a recognition that helped solidify its place in the gem world.
The Maasai people, who have lived in the region for generations, have a deep connection to the land and its treasures. They view Tanzanite as a sacred stone, believing it to be a gift from the earth that brings balance and harmony. This cultural reverence adds to the gemstone’s allure and mystique, making it more than just a decorative object but a meaningful symbol of connection to nature and tradition.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral cushionite, which is part of the columbite-tantalite group. It is a metamorphic gemstone, meaning it was formed through the transformation of existing rock under intense heat and pressure. The gem is found exclusively in a small area of northern Tanzania, near the Simanjiro plains, a region known for its volcanic activity.
The geological conditions that created Tanzanite are highly specific. The stone forms when ilmenite (a titanium-iron oxide) is subjected to extreme heat and pressure deep within the Earth’s crust. During this process, the titanium becomes oxidized, leading to the formation of the vivid blue and violet colors characteristic of Tanzanite. The stone is typically found in pegmatite veins that intersect with carbonatite deposits, a rare geological setting that contributes to its limited availability.
Because of its unique formation and geographic concentration, Tanzanite is one of the rarest gemstones in the world. It is estimated that the known deposits of Tanzanite will be exhausted within a few decades, which has led to increased interest in its preservation and ethical sourcing.
Gemological Properties of Tanzanite
Understanding the gemological properties of Tanzanite is essential for both collectors and jewelers. The following table summarizes the key characteristics of Tanzanite:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Ca,Na)(Ta,Nb)2(SiO4)2(O,F,OH)2 |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Color | Blue, violet, and purplish blue (trichroic) |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 6 to 7 |
| Refractive Index | 1.694 to 1.706 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.10 to 3.35 |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Cleavage | Perfect in one direction |
| Fracture | Uneven to subconchoidal |
| Origin | Tanzania |
Tanzanite is trichroic, meaning it displays three different colors when viewed from different angles. This optical property is one of the reasons the gemstone is so captivating. Depending on the angle of light, Tanzanite can appear to shift between deep indigo, rich violet, and even flashes of purple. This phenomenon adds to its allure and makes it a popular choice for fine jewelry.
Another notable feature of Tanzanite is its fluorescence. When exposed to ultraviolet light, Tanzanite can emit a blue or violet glow, enhancing its visual appeal. However, prolonged exposure to UV light can cause the stone to fade, so it is advisable to keep Tanzanite away from direct sunlight or artificial UV sources.
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively soft compared to other gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. While it is durable enough for everyday wear, it is more susceptible to scratches and damage. Therefore, it is recommended to store Tanzanite separately from harder gemstones and avoid using harsh cleaning agents that could dull its surface.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is not only admired for its physical beauty but also revered for its spiritual and metaphysical properties. In the world of metaphysics, Tanzanite is considered a stone of transformation, healing, and emotional balance. It is believed to help the wearer release negative emotions, promote inner peace, and enhance spiritual awareness.
In crystal healing, Tanzanite is associated with the third eye and crown chakras, which are linked to intuition, insight, and spiritual connection. It is said to enhance clarity of thought, improve emotional resilience, and facilitate self-discovery. The gemstone is often used in meditation and energy healing practices to open the mind to higher consciousness and promote a sense of unity with the universe.
Tanzanite is also believed to have emotional healing properties. It is said to help individuals process grief, heal from past traumas, and release emotional blockages. This makes it a popular choice for those undergoing personal transformation or seeking emotional balance.
In cultural symbolism, Tanzanite is often associated with peace, harmony, and the connection between the earthly and the divine. Its deep blue and violet hues are seen as representations of the sky and the cosmos, symbolizing the infinite nature of the universe and the mysteries of life. This cosmic symbolism is reflected in the gemstone’s name, as well as its geographic origin in a region known for its natural beauty and spiritual significance.
Tanzanite in Jewelry
Tanzanite’s striking color and unique optical properties make it a popular choice for fine jewelry. Jewelry designers and artisans often incorporate Tanzanite into a wide range of pieces, including rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets. Its versatility allows it to be paired with various metals and other gemstones, making it a versatile option for both classic and contemporary designs.
One of the most common ways to set Tanzanite is in prong or bezel settings, which allow the gemstone to showcase its full brilliance and color. Because of its trichroic nature, the orientation of the stone in the setting is crucial to ensure that the most vibrant colors are visible from the top. Jewelers often cut Tanzanite in oval, cushion, or emerald shapes to enhance its color and brilliance.
Tanzanite is also frequently paired with diamonds or white gold to create a contrast between its deep blue-violet hues and the sparkle of the diamonds. This combination is particularly popular in engagement rings and anniversary jewelry, where Tanzanite serves as a center stone or a complementary gemstone.
For those who prefer minimalist or modern designs, Tanzanite can be set in silver or platinum, which enhances its cool tones and provides a sleek, elegant look. In some designs, Tanzanite is also used in multi-stone settings, where it is paired with other blue gemstones like sapphires or lapis lazuli to create a harmonious color palette.
Tanzanite jewelry is often designed to be versatile and timeless, making it suitable for both everyday wear and special occasions. Its soft yet elegant appearance makes it a popular choice for bridal jewelry, anniversary gifts, and personal collections. Additionally, its rarity and unique color make it a valuable and collectible gemstone.
Care and Cleaning of Tanzanite
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of Tanzanite jewelry. Given its relatively low hardness and sensitivity to light and chemicals, Tanzanite requires special attention to ensure it remains in excellent condition.
One of the most important aspects of Tanzanite care is avoiding exposure to direct sunlight or artificial UV light. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can cause the gemstone to fade or lose its vibrant color. It is advisable to store Tanzanite in a dark, cool place, such as a jewelry box or a soft pouch, to protect it from light exposure.
Tanzanite is also sensitive to heat and chemical cleaners, which can damage its surface or alter its color. It is best to clean Tanzanite using mild soap and lukewarm water, followed by a gentle rinse and a soft cloth to dry. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can cause internal fractures or damage to the gemstone.
When storing Tanzanite jewelry, it is recommended to keep it separate from harder gemstones such as diamonds or sapphires to prevent scratches. Tanzanite should also be kept away from sharp objects or rough surfaces that could cause chips or abrasions.
For those who wear Tanzanite jewelry regularly, it is a good idea to have the gemstone professionally cleaned and inspected periodically. A qualified jeweler can assess the condition of the stone and make any necessary adjustments to the setting to ensure the gemstone remains secure and well-maintained.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the December 28th birthstone, is a gemstone of extraordinary beauty, rarity, and significance. Discovered in the late 1960s in Tanzania, it quickly gained popularity for its captivating blue and violet hues, which are a result of its unique geological formation. As a trichroic gemstone, Tanzanite displays different colors when viewed from various angles, making it a fascinating and visually dynamic gem.
Beyond its physical properties, Tanzanite holds deep symbolic and spiritual meaning. It is associated with transformation, emotional healing, and spiritual awakening, making it a powerful stone for those seeking inner balance and personal growth. Its connection to the Maasai people and the natural environment adds to its cultural and historical significance.
In jewelry, Tanzanite is a versatile and elegant gemstone that can be incorporated into a wide range of designs. Whether set in gold, silver, or platinum, or paired with diamonds or other gemstones, Tanzanite enhances the beauty of any piece with its vibrant color and unique brilliance. Its popularity as a birthstone and fine jewelry gem continues to grow, thanks to its rarity, beauty, and meaningful symbolism.
For those born on December 28th, Tanzanite is more than just a gemstone—it is a symbol of connection to the earth, the cosmos, and the self. Its celestial blue and violet hues serve as a reminder of the infinite possibilities of transformation and the beauty of embracing change.