August, the month of summer’s peak, is symbolized by a trio of vibrant gemstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These stones, each with their own unique colors, histories, and symbolism, have captivated cultures and jewelry lovers for centuries. From the fiery red of spinel to the lush green of peridot and the banded beauty of sardonyx, August’s birthstones offer a rich tapestry of natural elegance and cultural significance.
This article delves into the geology, history, cultural meanings, and practical care of these three gemstones. It explores their roles in jewelry design and their relevance in both ancient and modern traditions. By examining their origins, properties, and symbolism, we uncover the enduring appeal of these August birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with birth months is a long-standing one, with roots in medieval and biblical times. The practice of linking gemstones to specific months is believed to have originated in Poland or Germany and has since evolved into various forms—ancient, traditional, and modern—across different regions and cultures.
For August, the gemstones recognized today include peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These stones represent different epochs and traditions. Sardonyx, with its layered red and white bands, is considered the ancient birthstone for August. It was treasured by the ancient Egyptians and Romans, who used it for amulets, seals, and cameos. The traditional August birthstone is peridot, a gem of green hues with a history intertwined with volcanic activity and even meteorites. The modern addition to the August birthstone list is spinel, which gained official recognition in 2016, filling the gap for those seeking a ruby-like alternative.
The presence of three birthstones for a single month reflects the fluid nature of gemstone traditions. Different regions and time periods have added or modified the list based on availability, cultural values, and aesthetic preferences. This triad of stones allows for a broader selection of gemstones that can be worn and appreciated by those born in August, offering options in color, durability, and symbolism.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of August’s birthstones forms under unique geological conditions and is found in distinct locations around the world.
Peridot
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, and its green color is due to the presence of iron. It forms deep within the Earth's mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. This process explains why peridot is sometimes referred to as “Pele’s Tears”, after the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele. In rare cases, peridot is also found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones with an extra-terrestrial origin.
The primary sources of gem-quality peridot include Arizona (United States), Myanmar, China, and Pakistan. These regions have been known for producing high-quality peridot that is prized in jewelry.
Spinel
Spinel is a silicate mineral with a hexagonal crystal structure. It is found in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, and purple, due to trace amounts of elements like chromium, iron, and magnesium. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire because of its similar appearance and refractive properties. The red and pink varieties, in particular, were frequently passed off as rubies in antique jewelry.
Spinel is mined in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Vietnam, among other locations. These regions have produced some of the finest and most valuable spinel specimens in the world.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz. Its name comes from the Greek words “sard” (reddish-brown chalcedony) and “onyx” (black chalcedony), reflecting its characteristic banding. Sardonyx is typically composed of alternating layers of red or brown sard and white or gray onyx.
It is mined in India, Brazil, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and the United States. These deposits are known for producing sardonyx with well-defined bands and vibrant colors, making it ideal for carving and cameo work.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of peridot, spinel, and sardonyx helps in appreciating their durability, beauty, and suitability for different types of jewelry.
Peridot
- Color: Green, ranging from yellowish-green to olive or dark green.
- Chemical Formula: (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 6.5–7
- Refractive Index: 1.65–1.70
- Luster: Vitreous
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Cleavage: None; it fractures irregularly
- Common Cuts: Round, oval, emerald, and mixed cuts
- Carat Range: Typically 1–5 carats, though larger stones are rare
Peridot is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, so it requires careful handling to avoid scratches or chips.
Spinel
- Color: Available in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, blue, purple, and black.
- Chemical Formula: MgAl₂O₄
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 8
- Refractive Index: 1.718–1.722
- Luster: Vitreous
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Cleavage: None; it is tough and durable
- Common Cuts: Round, cushion, and princess cuts
- Carat Range: Available in a wide range, with some exceptional specimens weighing over 100 carats
Spinel is more durable than peridot and is well-suited for everyday wear in rings, pendants, and earrings.
Sardonyx
- Color: Alternating bands of red, brown, and white.
- Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (quartz family)
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 6.5–7
- Refractive Index: 1.48–1.53
- Luster: Waxy to vitreous
- Transparency: Translucent to opaque
- Cleavage: None; it fractures irregularly
- Common Cuts: Cabochon, beads, and carved cameos
- Carat Range: Typically smaller, used in beads and carvings
Sardonyx is best suited for cameos and beads, where its banding can be showcased. It is also used in signet rings and engraved seals.
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Luster | Best Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green (yellowish to olive) | 6.5–7 | Vitreous | Rings, pendants, earrings |
| Spinel | Red, pink, blue, purple, black | 8 | Vitreous | Engagement rings, pendants |
| Spinel | Red, pink, blue, purple, black | 8 | Vitreous | Engagement rings, pendants |
| Sardonyx | Banded red, brown, and white | 6.5–7 | Waxy | Cameos, beads, engraved seals |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The August birthstones are not only admired for their beauty and durability but also for the meanings and energies they are believed to carry.
Peridot
Peridot, often referred to as the “gem of the sun”, is associated with positive energy, healing, and emotional balance. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to ward off nightmares and promote peaceful sleep. It is also thought to bring good health, calm, and protection.
In modern times, peridot is linked to renewal and self-improvement, making it a popular choice for those seeking a fresh start or inner transformation.
Spinel
Spinel is associated with passion, courage, and love. It was historically used in royal jewelry and is believed to bring good fortune and strength. The red and pink varieties are especially linked with romantic love and emotional healing, while the blue and purple varieties are thought to enhance spiritual awareness and communication.
Spinel is also considered a stone of protection, helping to shield the wearer from negative energies and enhancing their self-confidence.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a stone of protection, courage, and integrity. It has long been used as a talisman to ward off evil and promote honesty and moral strength. In ancient Rome, it was carved into cameos of gods and emperors, symbolizing power and status.
The red and white bands of sardonyx are also thought to represent the union of fire and water, or passion and calm, making it a symbol of balance and harmony in relationships.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of August’s birthstones. Each gemstone has its own specific needs based on its hardness and sensitivity to light and heat.
Peridot
Peridot has a hardness of 6.5–7, which means it is relatively soft and not ideal for everyday wear in rings or bracelets. It is also sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes, which can cause it to crack or fracture.
- Cleaning: Clean peridot with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using steam or ultrasonic cleaners.
- Storage: Store peridot separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Spinel
Spinel is harder and more durable, with a hardness of 8, making it suitable for daily wear in rings, pendants, and earrings.
- Cleaning: Spinel can be cleaned with warm, soapy water or an ultrasonic cleaner.
- Storage: Spinel can be stored with other gemstones without concern for scratching.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, which is relatively tough and resistant to scratches, though it is not as hard as quartz.
- Cleaning: Clean sardonyx with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using steam or ultrasonic cleaners, especially for carved or cameo pieces.
- Storage: Store sardonyx separately from harder gemstones to avoid damage to its surface.
Jewelry and Design
August’s birthstones are versatile in jewelry design and are used in a variety of styles and settings. Their vibrant colors and unique properties make them suitable for both classic and contemporary designs.
Peridot
Peridot is often set in yellow gold or white gold to enhance its green hue. It is commonly used in rings, earrings, and pendants, especially in sunrise-themed designs that reflect its association with light and energy.
Peridot is also popular in promise rings and wedding jewelry, where its meaning of renewal and positive energy aligns with the themes of love and commitment.
Spinel
Spinel is increasingly used in engagement rings and fine jewelry, particularly for its vibrant colors and durability. It is often set in white gold or platinum, and its fire and brilliance make it a dazzling alternative to ruby or sapphire.
Spinel is also used in statement pieces such as necklaces and earrings, where its color and clarity can be showcased.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is best suited for cameos, beads, and engraved rings, where its banded patterns can be highlighted. It is often used in vintage and antique jewelry, particularly in cameo brooches and signet rings.
Sardonyx is also popular in bead necklaces and bracelets, where its layered colors create a striking visual effect.
Conclusion
The August birthstones—peridot, spinel, and sardonyx—offer a rich and diverse selection of gemstones that reflect the warmth, vitality, and beauty of the summer season. Each stone carries its own unique history, symbolism, and gemological properties, making them not only beautiful but also meaningful choices for those born in August.
From the fiery red of spinel to the green glow of peridot and the banded elegance of sardonyx, these gemstones represent a blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and personal connection. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, symbolic meaning, or gemological qualities, August’s birthstones continue to captivate and inspire jewelry lovers and gemstone enthusiasts alike.