December, the final month of the calendar year, is symbolically rich with endings and beginnings. It is also a month deeply associated with blue gemstones, which have long been celebrated for their beauty, rarity, and symbolic meaning. The birthstone color for December is blue, and this hue is embodied in a selection of gems that reflect both the ancient and the modern. The official December birthstones include Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon, with Blue Topaz and Lapis Lazuli also historically recognized as December birthstones in various traditions.
This article delves into the fascinating world of December’s birthstones, exploring their geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural symbolism. These stones not only serve as beautiful adornments in jewelry but also carry rich narratives that span across centuries and continents.
The Significance of Blue in December Birthstones
The color blue, in the context of December birthstones, is more than just an aesthetic choice—it is a reflection of the winter sky, the stillness of the sea, and the emotional depth associated with the month of December. Blue gemstones are known for their calming and stabilizing properties, making them ideal for those born in a month often associated with introspection, celebration, and transition.
The association of blue with December is reinforced by the fact that three of the most prominent December birthstones—Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon—all exhibit shades of blue. Each of these stones, while sharing the common color, has its own unique geological and cultural history. The inclusion of multiple blue gemstones as December birthstones reflects the diversity of options available to jewelry enthusiasts and the varying preferences in color, clarity, and price.
Historical and Cultural Significance of December Birthstones
Turquoise: The Ancient Guardian Stone
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones and has been used for thousands of years across different cultures. The name "turquoise" is derived from the French pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," a reference to the route by which the stone was introduced to Europe through Turkish markets. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was highly prized and was used to decorate the tombs of pharaohs, including Tutankhamun. It was believed to bring protection, prosperity, and divine favor.
In Chinese and Persian cultures, turquoise was also revered for its protective qualities. Chinese artisans carved turquoise into intricate jewelry and objects as early as 3,000 years ago, while Persian mystics believed that the stone could absorb negative energies and promote inner peace.
The ancient Aztecs and Native American tribes of the American Southwest also held turquoise in high regard. For these cultures, turquoise was not only a symbol of wealth but also a sacred stone used in rituals and ceremonies. It was believed to connect the earthly realm with the divine and to offer protection from harm.
Turquoise's deep blue-green hues, often interspersed with veins of matrix (the surrounding rock in which it formed), make it a unique and visually striking gemstone. Its semi-translucent to opaque appearance and its association with protection and good fortune have made it a timeless favorite among jewelers and collectors alike.
Tanzanite: The Modern Marvel from Tanzania
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, having been discovered in the 1960s in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. Unlike turquoise, which has been known for millennia, tanzanite is a modern gemstone that has quickly gained popularity due to its striking violet-blue color and its rarity.
Tanzanite is a type of zoisite, a mineral that occurs in many colors but is only known to exhibit the intense blue-violet hue found in tanzanite in the specific geological conditions of Tanzania. This makes tanzanite one of the rarest gemstones in the world, as it is the only known source of this particular variety of zoisite.
The discovery of tanzanite was significant not only for its beauty but also for its impact on the Tanzanian economy. The gemstone has become a symbol of national pride and has helped to put Tanzania on the map in the global gemstone trade. Tanzanite's popularity has been further enhanced by its use in high-end jewelry and its association with luxury and elegance.
Tanzanite is known for its pleochroism, meaning that it displays different colors when viewed from different angles—typically blue, violet, and brown. This optical property makes each tanzanite stone unique and adds to its allure. The gemstone is also relatively soft compared to other popular gemstones, with a hardness of about 6–7 on the Mohs scale, which means it requires careful handling and appropriate jewelry settings.
Zircon: An Ancient Mineral with a Radiant Sparkle
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back over four billion years. This makes zircon not only a beautiful gemstone but also a piece of geological history. In the context of December birthstones, zircon—particularly the blue variety—is valued for its brilliance and vibrant color.
Blue zircon is created through heat treatment, which enhances the natural color of the stone. This process does not alter the chemical composition of the zircon but brings out its most vivid blue tones. Blue zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which means it exhibits a strong fire and sparkle similar to that of diamonds.
Zircon has been used in jewelry for thousands of years, particularly in ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. It was also a popular gemstone during the Art Deco period of the 1920s and 1930s, when its vibrant colors and brilliance were highly prized. Today, zircon continues to be a favorite among jewelers and collectors, particularly for those who appreciate its affordability and beauty.
Zircon comes in a wide range of colors, including red, yellow, green, and brown, but the blue variety is especially popular as a December birthstone. Its high brilliance and relatively affordable price make it an excellent alternative to more expensive gemstones, while still offering the same visual impact.
Geological Formation and Sources of December Birthstones
Understanding the geological formation of December birthstones provides insight into their rarity, beauty, and value. Each of these gemstones forms under unique conditions, resulting in distinct characteristics that make them stand out in the world of gemology.
Turquoise: Formed by Copper-Rich Groundwater
Turquoise is formed when copper-rich groundwater seeps into the bedrock and reacts with other minerals over time. This process results in the creation of an opaque stone with stunning shades of blue and green. The distinctive patterns and colors of turquoise are influenced by the surrounding rock, known as matrix. The presence of matrix can enhance the value of turquoise, as it adds visual interest and character to the stone.
Turquoise is typically found in arid regions where the conditions are favorable for its formation. Major sources of turquoise include the American Southwest, particularly in states such as Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. Other notable sources include Iran, China, and Egypt. The quality and color of turquoise can vary significantly depending on the location, with some of the most prized turquoise coming from Persian and American mines.
Tanzanite: A Unique Geological Phenomenon
Tanzanite is found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world. The formation of tanzanite involves a complex interplay of geological conditions, including the presence of vanadium and the specific pressure and temperature conditions found in the region. These factors contribute to the unique violet-blue color that tanzanite is known for.
The geological conditions that led to the formation of tanzanite are so specific that the gemstone is not found in any other location in the world. This exclusivity has contributed to its high value and desirability in the gemstone market. The tanzanite deposits in Tanzania are finite, and as such, the supply of this gemstone is expected to decrease over time, further increasing its rarity and value.
Zircon: A Mineral with a Billion-Year History
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back over four billion years. This makes zircon not only a beautiful gemstone but also a piece of geological history. The formation of zircon involves the crystallization of zirconium silicate under high temperature and pressure conditions. The blue color of zircon is the result of heat treatment, which enhances the natural color of the stone.
Zircon is found in a variety of locations around the world, including Australia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Each of these locations produces zircon with slightly different characteristics, resulting in a wide range of colors and qualities. The blue zircon used as a December birthstone is particularly prized for its brilliance and vibrant color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
December birthstones have long been associated with various symbolic and metaphysical properties, which have contributed to their enduring popularity in jewelry and personal adornment.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Prosperity
Turquoise has been regarded as a stone of protection and prosperity for centuries. In ancient Egypt, it was believed to bring divine favor and was used in amulets to ward off evil. In Chinese and Persian cultures, turquoise was considered a powerful talisman that could absorb negative energies and promote inner peace. Native American tribes also believed that turquoise could connect the earthly realm with the divine and offer protection from harm.
In addition to its protective properties, turquoise is also associated with prosperity and good fortune. It is believed to enhance creativity and self-expression, making it an ideal stone for artists, writers, and other creative individuals. Turquoise is also thought to promote emotional balance and inner harmony, making it a valuable stone for those who seek to cultivate a sense of calm and stability.
Tanzanite: A Stone of Transformation and Clarity
Tanzanite is associated with transformation and emotional clarity. It is believed to help individuals release negative emotions and gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their surroundings. Tanzanite is also associated with spiritual growth and intuition, making it a valuable stone for those who seek to enhance their spiritual awareness.
The pleochroic nature of tanzanite—its ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles—has led to its association with the idea of seeing things from multiple perspectives. This makes tanzanite an ideal stone for those who seek to develop a more open-minded and balanced approach to life.
Zircon: A Stone of Energy and Clarity
Zircon is associated with energy and clarity. It is believed to enhance mental focus and stimulate the flow of energy throughout the body. Zircon is also thought to help individuals overcome obstacles and achieve their goals, making it a valuable stone for those who seek to manifest their desires and ambitions.
The high refractive index and dispersion of zircon make it a stone of light and brilliance, symbolizing the power of positive thinking and the ability to shine brightly in the face of challenges. Zircon is also associated with the idea of transformation and renewal, making it an ideal stone for those who are undergoing significant changes in their lives.
Care and Maintenance of December Birthstones
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Each of these gemstones has its own unique requirements for cleaning and handling, based on their hardness, susceptibility to damage, and other gemological properties.
Turquoise: Gentle Handling and Protection from Moisture
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone with a hardness of 5–6 on the Mohs scale. It is also porous and can absorb liquids, which can affect its color and stability. To clean turquoise, it is best to use a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the stone.
Turquoise should also be protected from prolonged exposure to moisture, as this can cause it to become discolored or damaged. It is best to store turquoise in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight. When wearing turquoise jewelry, it is advisable to remove it before swimming or engaging in activities that involve excessive sweating.
Tanzanite: Avoiding Heat and Chemicals
Tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone with a hardness of 6–7 on the Mohs scale. It is also sensitive to heat and chemicals, which can cause it to lose its color or become damaged. To clean tanzanite, it is best to use a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the stone.
Tanzanite should also be protected from prolonged exposure to heat and sunlight, as these can cause it to fade or become discolored. It is best to store tanzanite in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight. When wearing tanzanite jewelry, it is advisable to remove it before swimming or engaging in activities that involve excessive sweating or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Zircon: Avoiding Scratches and Chemical Exposure
Zircon is a relatively hard gemstone with a hardness of 6–7.5 on the Mohs scale. However, it is still susceptible to scratches and damage if not handled properly. To clean zircon, it is best to use a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can cause damage to the stone.
Zircon should also be protected from exposure to harsh chemicals, as these can cause it to become discolored or damaged. It is best to store zircon in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. When wearing zircon jewelry, it is advisable to remove it before swimming or engaging in activities that involve excessive sweating or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
December birthstones, particularly Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon, offer a unique blend of beauty, history, and symbolism. These gemstones have been cherished for centuries across different cultures and continue to be popular choices in jewelry today. Each of these stones has its own distinct characteristics, from the deep blue-green hues of turquoise to the vibrant violet-blue color of tanzanite and the brilliant sparkle of zircon.
The significance of blue in December birthstones reflects the month’s association with introspection, celebration, and transition. These gemstones not only serve as beautiful adornments but also carry rich narratives that span across time and geography. Whether used in jewelry or collected for their rarity and beauty, December birthstones continue to captivate and inspire.