December, the final month of the year, is symbolically rich with color, and its birthstones reflect this with a stunning array of blue hues. From the deep azure of Lapis Lazuli to the vibrant blue-green of Turquoise, December’s birthstones offer a diverse and captivating selection. These stones not only possess unique gemological properties but also carry centuries of cultural significance, making them a compelling subject for gemstone enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology.
This article explores the historical and cultural significance, geological properties, and practical care of the December birthstones. We will also delve into the symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with these gems. Through a combination of factual data and narrative depth, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of these precious stones, enriching the understanding of their allure and importance.
Introduction
December is a month of celebration and transition, marking the end of one year and the anticipation of the next. The birthstones associated with this month are equally symbolic, representing both the coldness of winter and the promise of renewal. The primary birthstones for December are Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, Lapis Lazuli, and Turquoise. Each of these stones has a distinct color, history, and set of properties that make it unique.
The significance of December’s birthstones is not merely aesthetic; they have been revered for centuries for their beauty and the meanings they carry. These stones have been used in jewelry, from engagement rings to necklaces, and have been imbued with cultural and spiritual value. Understanding their properties and symbolism can help individuals make informed choices when selecting these gems for personal or professional use.
History and Lore
The history of December's birthstones is as rich and diverse as the stones themselves. These gemstones have been cherished for centuries, with their significance rooted in various cultural and historical contexts. Lapis Lazuli, for instance, has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations. It was highly valued by the Egyptians, who used it in jewelry and for decorative purposes. The deep blue color of Lapis Lazuli was associated with wisdom and royalty, making it a symbol of truth and enlightenment.
Turquoise, on the other hand, has a different historical narrative. It has been used in various cultures for thousands of years, particularly in the Middle East and North America. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was considered a sacred stone, believed to offer protection and bring good fortune. The stone was often used in amulets and was associated with the goddess Hathor, who was the goddess of love and beauty.
Zircon, another gemstone associated with December, has been known for its brilliance and fire. It has been a popular choice for jewelry throughout history, especially in the Middle East and Asia. Tanzanite, a relatively newer gemstone discovered in the 20th century, has quickly gained popularity for its vibrant blue color and unique properties. It is found only in Tanzania, making it a rare and precious stone.
Blue Topaz, the newest addition to the December birthstone list, has also made a significant impact. Known for its clarity and color, Blue Topaz has become a favorite among gemstone enthusiasts for its versatility in jewelry design. The inclusion of these stones in the December birthstone list reflects their cultural and historical importance, as well as their aesthetic appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological formation and sources of December’s birthstones are as fascinating as their histories. Each gemstone has a unique origin story, shaped by the earth’s geological processes.
Lapis Lazuli is primarily found in Afghanistan, where it has been mined for thousands of years. The stone is formed from a combination of minerals, including lazurite, calcite, and pyrite. The presence of these minerals gives Lapis Lazuli its distinctive blue color and speckled appearance. The mining of Lapis Lazuli is a labor-intensive process, requiring skilled labor to extract the stone from its host rock.
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral that forms in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It is commonly found in arid regions, particularly in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and the Middle East. The color of Turquoise can vary depending on the presence of impurities, with the most prized specimens exhibiting a rich blue color. The mining of Turquoise is often done using traditional methods, preserving the stone's integrity and ensuring its quality.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate that occurs in various colors, including blue, green, and red. The blue color of Zircon is achieved through heat treatment, which enhances its natural beauty. Zircon is found in several locations around the world, including Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Australia. The formation of Zircon involves high temperatures and pressures, making it a durable and resilient gemstone.
Tanzanite, as the name suggests, is exclusively found in Tanzania. It is a type of zoisite that is heated to produce its vibrant blue color. The discovery of Tanzanite in the 1960s was a significant event in the gemstone world, as it marked the introduction of a new and unique gemstone. The stone is formed in the region's metamorphic rocks, and its rarity adds to its value.
Blue Topaz is a variety of Topaz that is known for its clarity and blue color. It is found in several locations, including Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. The blue color of Topaz is achieved through irradiation, which alters the stone’s color. The geological formation of Blue Topaz involves the cooling of magma, which allows for the crystallization of the mineral.
| Gemstone | Primary Sources | Formation Process |
|---|---|---|
| Lapis Lazuli | Afghanistan | Formed from lazurite, calcite, and pyrite |
| Turquoise | United States, Mexico, Middle East | Phosphate mineral in copper deposits |
| Zircon | Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Australia | Zirconium silicate formed under high temperatures |
| Tanzanite | Tanzania | Metamorphic rock formation |
| Blue Topaz | Brazil, Mexico, United States | Crystallization from cooling magma |
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of December’s birthstones are crucial for understanding their durability and suitability for various types of jewelry. Each stone has unique characteristics that influence its use and care.
Lapis Lazuli has a hardness of 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively soft and requires careful handling. Its composition includes minerals like lazurite, calcite, and pyrite, which contribute to its color and texture. Lapis Lazuli is often used in pendants and earrings rather than rings due to its susceptibility to damage from daily wear.
Turquoise ranks between 5 and 6 on the Mohs scale as well. It is a porous stone that can be easily damaged by exposure to chemicals, perfumes, and natural oils. To preserve its beauty, it is recommended to clean Turquoise with mild soap and water and to avoid exposing it to direct sunlight. Turquoise is best suited for earrings and pendants, as it is not ideal for rings or other jewelry that may be subject to frequent impact.
Zircon has a higher hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than Lapis Lazuli and Turquoise. However, it can have cleavage, which means it can break along specific planes. Zircon is often used in rings and other jewelry due to its brilliance and fire, but it should still be handled with care to avoid damage.
Tanzanite has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It is known for its vibrant blue color and is often used in rings and pendants. Tanzanite can be sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place to maintain its color.
Blue Topaz is one of the hardest December birthstones, with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. This makes it ideal for rings and other jewelry that may be subject to daily wear. Blue Topaz is also resistant to scratches and can be cleaned easily with mild soap and water.
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness | Durability | Best Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 | Low | Pendants, Earrings |
| Turquoise | 5-6 | Low | Pendants, Earrings |
| Zircon | 6-7.5 | Moderate | Rings, Pendants |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 | Moderate | Rings, Pendants |
| Blue Topaz | 8 | High | Rings, Pendants |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with December’s birthstones add another layer of significance to these gemstones. Each stone carries its own set of meanings and powers, which have been cherished by various cultures throughout history.
Lapis Lazuli is often associated with wisdom, truth, and enlightenment. It is believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. In ancient times, it was considered a stone of the gods, used in rituals and ceremonies to connect with higher consciousness. The deep blue color of Lapis Lazuli is said to evoke the vastness of the night sky, promoting a sense of serenity and expansiveness.
Turquoise has long been revered for its protective qualities. It is considered a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. In many cultures, Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity. It is often used in jewelry to bring positive energy and promote emotional balance. The vibrant blue-green color of Turquoise is said to mirror the wintry landscapes, adding a touch of warmth and optimism.
Zircon is associated with strength and vitality. It is believed to enhance the wearer’s energy and promote a sense of well-being. Zircon is also thought to have healing properties, particularly for the heart and emotions. Its brilliance and fire are said to reflect the wearer’s inner light, making it a popular choice for those seeking to boost their confidence and self-esteem.
Tanzanite is known for its calming properties. It is believed to promote emotional healing and support the wearer in overcoming stress and anxiety. Tanzanite is also associated with intuition and spiritual growth, making it a popular choice for those on a journey of self-discovery. The vibrant blue color of Tanzanite is said to encourage open communication and foster understanding in relationships.
Blue Topaz is associated with clarity and honesty. It is believed to enhance the wearer’s ability to communicate effectively and express their thoughts and feelings. Blue Topaz is also thought to promote a sense of calm and balance, making it an ideal stone for those seeking to reduce stress and anxiety. Its clear color is said to reflect the purity of the heart and mind, encouraging the wearer to live authentically.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential for maintaining the beauty and longevity of December’s birthstones. Each gemstone has specific requirements for cleaning and handling, which should be followed to ensure their continued brilliance.
Lapis Lazuli should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as they can damage the stone. It is also important to store Lapis Lazuli in a cool, dry place to prevent it from drying out and losing its luster.
Turquoise requires even more careful handling due to its porous nature. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and it is best to avoid exposure to chemicals, perfumes, and natural oils. Turquoise should also be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent fading. It is not recommended to use steam or ultrasonic cleaners for Turquoise, as these can cause damage.
Zircon can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It is important to avoid exposing Zircon to sudden temperature changes, as this can cause it to crack. Zircon should also be stored in a safe place to prevent it from being subjected to impact, which can cause it to break along its cleavage planes.
Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It is important to avoid exposing Tanzanite to direct sunlight for prolonged periods, as this can cause it to fade. Tanzanite should also be stored in a cool, dark place to maintain its vibrant color.
Blue Topaz is the most durable of December’s birthstones and can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. It is also safe to use steam or ultrasonic cleaners for Blue Topaz, as it is resistant to scratches and damage. Blue Topaz should be stored in a safe place to prevent it from being subjected to impact, which can cause it to chip or crack.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. From the deep blue of Lapis Lazuli to the vibrant hues of Turquoise, these gemstones have captivated people for centuries. Their unique properties and cultural significance make them a valuable addition to any jewelry collection. By understanding the geological formation, gemological properties, and care requirements of these stones, individuals can make informed choices when selecting and maintaining their December birthstones. Whether worn as a symbol of protection, wisdom, or personal expression, these gems continue to hold a special place in the hearts of many.