December is a month rich in symbolism and beauty, marked not only by the festive season but also by its trio of captivating birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones, each with unique colors, histories, and meanings, have long been cherished for their aesthetic appeal and symbolic significance. Whether you are a December baby or seeking the perfect gift for someone special, December birthstone jewelry offers an array of options that are both meaningful and elegant.
This article delves into the properties, historical significance, and cultural symbolism of each of these December birthstones, supported by insights from reputable jewelry sources and gemstone lore. From the deep blue-violet allure of tanzanite to the ancient charm of turquoise and the sparkling brilliance of zircon, we explore what makes these stones stand out and how they can be incorporated into meaningful and stylish jewelry pieces.
History and Lore
Tanzanite: A Modern Discovery with Ancient Roots
Tanzanite, the most recently discovered of the three December birthstones, was first identified in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. This gemstone was created by the heat of the Earth’s crust and was initially found in a brownish state, but when cut and heated, it revealed its signature blue-violet hues. Tanzanite is unique in that it is found exclusively in Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world.
While tanzanite is a modern discovery, it quickly gained popularity due to its vibrant colors and spiritual significance. It is believed to enhance insight and spiritual awakening, making it a favored gemstone for those seeking personal growth and enlightenment.
Turquoise: A Stone of Ancient Reverence
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, with evidence of its use dating back to 3000 BCE. It has been revered across cultures, from ancient Egypt and Persia to Native American tribes, who used it in ceremonial jewelry and as a protective talisman. Turquoise is often associated with calmness, protection, and good fortune.
The stone's distinctive blue-green color and natural veining make it easily recognizable. Its use in jewelry dates back thousands of years, and it was once more valuable than gold. Turquoise was often carved into amulets and inlaid into ceremonial objects to harness its protective properties.
Zircon: A Gemstone with a Distant Past
Zircon is the oldest of the three December birthstones, with some specimens estimated to be over 4 billion years old. The name "zircon" is derived from the Arabic words "zar" (gold) and "gun" (color), a nod to the golden hues it can sometimes exhibit. Zircon is found in various countries, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nigeria, and Australia.
Historically, zircon was believed to possess protective qualities, shielding travelers from harm and ensuring peaceful sleep. It was also thought to enhance appetite and relieve pain. The gemstone’s sparkling brilliance and range of colors, from golden yellow to deep blue, have made it a popular choice in jewelry for centuries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the December birthstones has a unique geological origin and source, contributing to their distinct characteristics and value.
Tanzanite: A One-of-a-Kind Gem
Tanzanite is formed from a rare mineral called cassiarite, which undergoes a metamorphic transformation under high heat and pressure. The Merelani Hills in Tanzania, the only source of tanzanite, were once a vast sea bed that transformed over millions of years into the rich gemstone deposits found today. Tanzanite is typically found in a brown or yellowish state, but when cut and heated, it develops the deep blue-violet coloration that makes it so desirable.
Its rarity and exclusivity contribute to its high value in the gemstone market. Tanzanite is also relatively durable, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5, making it suitable for use in jewelry, though it still requires gentle handling to avoid scratches or damage.
Turquoise: The Stone of the Earth and Sky
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral formed by the oxidation of copper deposits. It is typically found in arid regions where copper-rich rocks are exposed to the surface and interact with rainwater. This process creates the unique blue-green color and intricate patterns that distinguish turquoise from other gemstones.
The most notable sources of turquoise include Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico in the United States, as well as China, Iran, and Egypt. The quality and color of turquoise can vary significantly depending on the location of the deposit and the presence of impurities such as iron and aluminum, which can create the characteristic brown or black veining.
Turquoise is relatively soft, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, which means it is more prone to scratches and damage compared to harder gemstones. It also has a porous surface, making it susceptible to absorbing liquids and oils, which can alter its color and appearance over time.
Zircon: A Durable and Diverse Gemstone
Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral that occurs in a variety of colors, including golden yellow, red, green, and blue. The blue coloration is achieved through heat treatment, which stabilizes the gemstone and enhances its brilliance. Zircon is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a sparkling appearance similar to diamonds, and its high dispersion, which creates a fire-like effect when light passes through it.
Zircon is found in several countries, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nigeria, and Australia. It is a relatively durable gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, depending on the variety. The blue zircon is the most popular form used in jewelry, particularly in December-themed pieces.
Gemological Properties
Understanding the gemological properties of each December birthstone is essential for selecting and caring for these gems. Below is a comparison of the key properties of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon:
| Property | Tanzanite | Turquoise | Zircon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Calcium aluminum silicate | Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum | Zirconium silicate |
| Color | Blue to violet | Blue-green with veining | Golden, blue, red, green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 to 6.5 | 5 to 6 | 6 to 7.5 |
| Refractive Index | 1.69 to 1.70 | 1.61 to 1.66 | 1.92 to 2.00 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy to greasy | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Perfect cleavage | No cleavage | No cleavage |
| Fracture | Conchoidal | Uneven | Conchoidal |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Translucent to opaque | Transparent to translucent |
| Origin | Tanzania | USA, China, Iran, Egypt | Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nigeria, Australia |
These properties influence how each gemstone is best set, worn, and cared for. For instance, tanzanite and zircon are more durable and can be used in everyday jewelry, while turquoise is best reserved for pieces that are not worn constantly due to its lower hardness and porous nature.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The December birthstones are not only admired for their beauty but also for the meanings and powers they are believed to hold. These beliefs span cultures and centuries, adding depth to their allure.
Tanzanite: Insight and Spiritual Awareness
Tanzanite is often associated with spiritual awakening and emotional balance. It is believed to help individuals understand their own emotions and the emotions of others, making it a popular stone for those in healing professions. Tanzanite is also said to enhance intuition and promote a sense of calm, making it a favored gemstone for meditation and self-reflection.
Turquoise: Protection and Harmony
Turquoise has long been regarded as a stone of protection and good fortune. Ancient civilizations used it as a talisman to ward off evil spirits and ensure safe travel. It is also believed to promote communication, both verbal and non-verbal, and to calm the mind and body. In some cultures, turquoise is worn during significant life events to attract positive energy and success.
Zircon: Clarity and Positive Energy
Zircon is often associated with clarity of thought and positive energy. It is believed to enhance focus and concentration, helping individuals make clear decisions. Zircon is also thought to radiate positive vibrations, which can uplift the mood and attract good fortune. Its sparkling brilliance makes it a symbol of joy and celebration, particularly during the December holiday season.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserving the beauty and value of December birthstone jewelry. Here are some guidelines for each gemstone:
Tanzanite Care
- Avoid exposure to high heat, as it can alter the color.
- Clean with mild soap and water using a soft cloth or brush.
- Store tanzanite separately to prevent scratches from harder gemstones.
- Avoid contact with harsh chemicals, including perfumes and lotions.
Turquoise Care
- Turquoise is sensitive to moisture and chemicals, so it should be removed before showering or swimming.
- Clean with a dry cloth to avoid damaging its porous surface.
- Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can cause the stone to lose color or crack.
- Store turquoise in a cool, dry place to prevent fading and discoloration.
Zircon Care
- Zircon is relatively durable, but it should still be handled with care to avoid chips or fractures.
- Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush to remove dirt and oils.
- Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, which can affect its luster.
- Store zircon separately to prevent abrasion from other gemstones.
By following these care guidelines, you can ensure that your December birthstone jewelry remains beautiful and meaningful for years to come.
Conclusion
December birthstone jewelry offers a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. The three gemstones—tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon—each bring their own unique qualities to the table, making them perfect for a wide range of jewelry styles and occasions. Whether you're celebrating a December birthday or looking for a meaningful gift, these gemstones are a timeless choice that combines elegance with deep cultural significance.
From the spiritual insights of tanzanite, the protective powers of turquoise, to the sparkling brilliance of zircon, each stone tells a story that can be cherished for generations. With proper care and appreciation, December birthstone jewelry can become a treasured heirloom, passed down through the years as a symbol of connection, protection, and joy.